Plant Responses to Stimuli - Biology 1720

How do plants differ from animals in responding to environmental factors?

a. Plants can move to a new location

b. Plants rely on animals for responses

c. Plants cannot move but can still respond to stimuli

d. Plants do not respond to environmental factors

c. Plants cannot move but can still respond to stimuli

What environmental factors can plants detect and respond to?

a. Sound and vibration only

b. Light, gravity, temperature, and physical touch

c. Water availability only

d. Soil nutrient levels exclusively

b. Light, gravity, temperature, and physical touch

What role do receptors play in plant sensory systems?

a. They trigger physical movement in plants

b. They store nutrients for future use

c. They absorb water and minerals

d. They sense the environment, integrate information, and send responses to effectors

d. They sense the environment, integrate information, and send responses to effectors

What are plant hormones?

a. Molecules that store nutrients for growth

b. Signaling molecules that trigger responses in target cells and regulate growth and development at low concentrations

c. Structural components of cell walls

d. Elements absorbed from the soil

b. Signaling molecules that trigger responses in target cells and regulate growth and development at low concentrations

What is tropism in plants?

a. The process of nutrient absorption

b. The curvature of a plant towards or away from a stimulus

c. The uptake of minerals by roots

d. The movement of water within a plant

b. The curvature of a plant towards or away from a stimulus

What is phototropism?

a. The growth of roots toward water

b. The regulation of stomata by guard cells

c. The curvature of a plant towards or away from light

d. The adaptation of leaves to temperature changes

c. The curvature of a plant towards or away from light

What is positive phototropism?

a. The curvature of a plant away from light

b. The curvature of a plant toward light

c. The closing of stomata in response to drought

d. The bending of roots due to gravity

b. The curvature of a plant toward light

What is negative phototropism?

a. The curvature of a plant toward light

b. The movement of nutrients in vascular tissues

c. The bending of leaves due to touch

d. The curvature of a plant away from light

d. The curvature of a plant away from light

What is photomorphogenesis in plants?

a. The adaptation of roots to water availability

b. The growth and development of plants in response to light, optimizing the use of light and space

c. The bending of plants toward light

d. The storage of nutrients in leaves

b. The growth and development of plants in response to light, optimizing the use of light and space

What is photoperiodism in plants?

a. The process of absorbing light for photosynthesis

b. The response of plants to temperature changes

c. The movement of water through vascular tissues

d. The ability to use light to track time and sense seasons

d. The ability to use light to track time and sense seasons

What are the functions of blue-light photoreceptors?

a. Slow hypocotyl elongation, phototropism, and stomatal opening

b. Shade avoidance and seed germination

c. Root growth exclusively

d. Water absorption

a. Slow hypocotyl elongation, phototropism, and stomatal opening

What are the functions of phytochromes (red light)?

a. Phototropism and hypocotyl elongation

b. Seed germination, shade avoidance, photoperiodism, and stomatal opening

c. Photosynthesis and nutrient storage

d. Water retention

b. Seed germination, shade avoidance, photoperiodism, and stomatal opening

What types of light influence phytochrome activity in plants?

a. Blue light and green light

b. Red light (sunlight) and far red light (dark or filtered sunlight)

c. Ultraviolet light and infrared light

d. White light exclusively

b. Red light (sunlight) and far red light (dark or filtered sunlight)

What happens when the inactive phytochrome (Pr) form absorbs red light?

a. It remains inactive

b. It triggers shade avoidance

c. It switches to the active form (Pfr), which stimulates growth

d. It absorbs far red light instead

c. It switches to the active form (Pfr), which stimulates growth

What happens when the active phytochrome (Pfr) form absorbs far red light?

a. It switches back to the inactive form (Pr)

b. It remains active

c. It enhances photosynthesis

d. It inhibits water absorption

a. It switches back to the inactive form (Pr)

What is gravitropism in plants?

a. The plant's response to light

b. The plant's response to gravity

c. The plant's ability to conserve water

d. The plant's adaptation to temperature

b. The plant's response to gravity

What is negative gravitropism?

a. Growth of the shoot apical tip upward

b. Growth of roots downward

c. Growth of leaves toward water

d. Growth of stems away from light

a. Growth of the shoot apical tip upward

What is positive gravitropism in plants?

a. Growth of the roots downward

b. Growth of the shoot apical tip upward

c. Curvature of stems toward light

d. Movement of leaves toward water

a. Growth of the roots downward

What role do statoliths play in gravitropism?

a. They store nutrients in roots

b. They absorb water for the plant

c. They regulate photosynthesis

d. They sense changes in gravity

d. They sense changes in gravity

Which of the following is not a form of photomorphogenesis?

a. positive phototropism

b. gravitropism

c. photoperiodism

d. negative phototropism

b. gravitropism

Which part of the plant would NOT do positive phototropism?

a. Shoots

b. Leaves

c. Growth from axillary buds

d. Roots

d. Roots

How do plants defend themselves against herbivores?

a. By storing excess energy for growth

b. Through physical, chemical, and behavioral defenses, releasing chemicals to warn other plants, or attracting predatory insects like ladybeetles

c. By reducing their own photosynthesis

d. Through absorbing herbivores into the soil

b. Through physical, chemical, and behavioral defenses, releasing chemicals to warn other plants, or attracting predatory insects like ladybeetles

What is the first line of defense against pathogens in plants?

a. Immune responses

b. Physical barriers like the cuticle and epidermis

c. Antimicrobial compounds

d. Predatory insects

b. Physical barriers like the cuticle and epidermis

How do plants respond when pathogens bypass physical barriers?

a. By synthesizing antimicrobial compounds, toughening cell walls, and triggering cell death around the infection to prevent its spread

b. By absorbing pathogens into the soil

c. By halting photosynthesis entirely

d. By diverting energy to new growth

a. By synthesizing antimicrobial compounds, toughening cell walls, and triggering cell death around the infection to prevent its spread

What are common types of plant pathogens?

a. Predatory insects

b. Algae and protists

c. Herbivores

d. Fungi, bacteria, and nematodes

d. Fungi, bacteria, and nematodes