Communicable diseases

Diseases, symptoms and treatments

Measles

Viral

Transmitted by inhaling droplets/ airborne particles

Measles symptoms

Fever, red rash

Treated by isolation and vaccination at young ages

Rose black spot

Fungal

Transmitted through insects or gardening tools

Rose black spot symptoms

Black/ dark spots on plant leaves - prevent plant from photosynthesising

Treated by insecticides and fungicides

Athletes foot

Fungal

Transmitted through spores

Athletes foot symptoms

Rash, scaly layer on skin

Salmonella

Bacterial

Transmitted by food prepared in unhygienic manner

Salmonella symptoms

Fever vomiting, diarrhoea

Treated by food being hygienically prepared, antibiotics

HIV/ AIDS

Viral

Transmitted by sex, sharing of bodily fluids or shared needles

HIV/ AIDS symptoms

Mild, flu-like

No cure, tablets have to be taken for rest of life for HIV

Gonorrhoea

Bacterial

Sexually transmitted

Gonorrhoea symptoms

Pain when urinating, yellow/green discharge

Antibiotics

Malaria

Protist

Transmitted by vectors - mosquitos

Malaria symptoms

Fever vomiting diarrhoeaa

Treated by mosquito nets and stop mosquito breeding

Insects - aphids

Extract nutrients which stunt the plants growth

Signs of diseases in plants

Discolouration, spots on leaves, stunted growth, decay and rotting and malformed stems and leaves

Lack of nitrate ion

Stunted growth

Nitrate needed for protein synthesis- growth

Lack of magnesium ion

Chlorosis- mg needed to create chlorophyll

Lose green colour

Physical plant defence systems

Cellulose cell wall and waxy cuticle - hard for microorganisms to penetrate

Bark - barrier for microorganisms

Chemical plant defence systems

Release antibacterial chemicals that kill bacteria

Release poisons that deter herbivores

Mechanical plant defence systems

Thorns - prevent plant from being eaten

Hair - irritate mouth of herbivores

Curling leaves - scare herbivores

Mimicry