Period 2 Flashcards: (1607 - 1754)

Why 1607 - 1754 was chosen as the dates for period 2

1607 = 1st English permanent settlement in Jamestown; 1754 = start of the 7 Years War

Characteristics of Spanish colonization

Sought tight control over the colonies and focused on converting and exploiting the Natives. (Think 3 Gs)

Characteristics of French and Dutch colonization

Fewer inhabitants than other countries; focused on trade, alliances, and intermarriage with Native Americans. Heavy focus on furs (beaver)

Characteristics of English colonization

Colonies were based on agriculture; large number of men and women inhabited the colonies; relatively hostile relations with Native Americans.

Reasons for the emergence of the Atlantic Slave Trade

Large amount of land for farming; shortage of indentured servants (Post-1676 Bacon's Rebellion); hard to enslave Natives (diseases); European demand for goods (tobacco)

Ways Africans resisted slavery

Overt and covert methods such as: rebellion (although not often), sabotaging equipment, and running away

Characteristics of New England colonies

Founded primarily by Puritans, that wanted a group of like-minded individuals; close-knit, longer life expectancies; mixed economy of farming and trade

Characteristics of middle colonies

Religiously, ethnically, and demographically diverse of all the colonies. (Think Quakers - religiously tolerant.) Economy was based on grains.

Characteristics of Southern colonies

Chesapeake (MD and VA) and North Carolina was based on tobacco - relied on indentured servants early on, later replaced by African slaves

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Anglicization of the British colonies

Process of colonies acting "British"; was influenced by political communities based on English models, commercial ties, trans-Atlantic print culture, religious toleration, and spread of Enlightenment

The Enlightenment

Time period focused on reason and promoting new forms of government (Locke, Montesquieu); influenced the American Revolution

Mercantilism

Economic policy that focuses on making $ for the mother country. It favors a positive balance of trade for the mother country and the accumulation of gold and silver