RAD 101 Unit 3 Abdoment Positioning

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Last updated 9:23 PM on 9/1/26
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18 Terms

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PATIENT PREPARATION

-All clothing removed

-Opaque objects removed

-Hospital gown worn

-Cover patient for warmth and modesty

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When to expose?

on expiration

-Inspiration compresses abdominal organs (diaphragm lowers)

- Collimation: only the abdominal area

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How to place IR markers?

For decubs also use marker to indicate side up

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Abdominal EXPOSURE FACTORS

Analog/Digital kVp (70-80)

Short exposure time

- Less chance of motion

Adequate mAs/AEC multiple chambers

grid

Minimum SID of 40"

<p>Analog/Digital kVp (70-80)</p><p>Short exposure time</p><p>- Less chance of motion </p><p>Adequate mAs/AEC multiple chambers</p><p>grid</p><p>Minimum SID of 40"</p>
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ABDOMEN IMAGING

Routine

- AP supine (KUB)

Special

- PA prone

- Lateral decubitus (AP)

- AP erect

- Dorsal decubitus (lateral)

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AP ABDOMEN

Patient supine

No rotation of shoulders or pelvis

- Both ASIS equal distance from tabletop

Center to iliac crest and mid sag

- Patients with a long torso may need two images

Expose on expiration

- Decreases compression (better visualization) of internal organs

<p>Patient supine</p><p>No rotation of shoulders or pelvis</p><p> - Both ASIS equal distance from tabletop</p><p>Center to iliac crest and mid sag</p><p> - Patients with a long torso may need two images</p><p>Expose on expiration</p><p> - Decreases compression (better visualization) of internal organs</p>
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EVALUATION CRITERIA- AP ABDOMEN

Anatomy visualized

- liver, spleen, kidneys

- Psoas muscles

- Air-filled stomach and bowel segments

Symphysis pubis visible

No rotation

No motion

<p>Anatomy visualized </p><p> - liver, spleen, kidneys</p><p> - Psoas muscles</p><p> - Air-filled stomach and bowel segments</p><p>Symphysis pubis visible</p><p>No rotation</p><p>No motion</p>
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PA ABDOMEN

CR and IR to iliac crest

<p>CR and IR to iliac crest</p>
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CRITERIA (PA ABDOMEN)

Symphysis pubis visible

Kidneys and lower liver margin included

No rotation

No motion

Exposure factors optimal

Image should be annotated/labeled "PA"

<p>Symphysis pubis visible</p><p>Kidneys and lower liver margin included</p><p>No rotation</p><p>No motion</p><p>Exposure factors optimal</p><p>Image should be annotated/labeled "PA"</p>
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LEFT LATERAL DECUBITUS POSITION- WHEN DOING FOR AIR AND FLUID LEVELS, THE LIVER WILL BE SURROUNDED BY FREE AIR.

CR 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest and mid sag

Body against IR- no gap (OID will increase mag)

CR is horizonal to demonstrate air fluid levels

- Air rises, fluid falls

- Let patient rest in position for at least 5 minutes to allow for air to rise

No rotation of pelvis and shoulder

Arms up and off abdomen

Include elevated (right) side of abdomen

Expose on expiration

<p>CR 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest and mid sag</p><p>Body against IR- no gap (OID will increase mag) </p><p>CR is horizonal to demonstrate air fluid levels</p><p> - Air rises, fluid falls</p><p> - Let patient rest in position for at least 5 minutes to allow for air to rise</p><p>No rotation of pelvis and shoulder</p><p>Arms up and off abdomen</p><p>Include elevated (right) side of abdomen</p><p>Expose on expiration</p>
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EVALUATION CRITERIA- LEFT DECUB ABDOMEN

-Diaphragm demonstrated

-Both sides of body included

-No rotation

-No motion

<p>-Diaphragm demonstrated</p><p>-Both sides of body included</p><p>-No rotation</p><p>-No motion</p>
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ERECT AP ABDOMEN- AIR WILL RISE UNDER THE DIAPHRAGMS

CR 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest and mid sag

Arms by sides and away from abdomen

No rotation of shoulders and pelvis

Exposure taken on expiration

<p>CR 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest and mid sag</p><p>Arms by sides and away from abdomen</p><p>No rotation of shoulders and pelvis</p><p>Exposure taken on expiration</p>
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EVALUATION CRITERIA- ERECT ABDOMEN

Diaphragm included

No rotation

No motion

<p>Diaphragm included </p><p>No rotation</p><p>No motion</p>
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DORSAL DECUBITUS- LEFT LATERAL POSITION PICTURED BELOW

Patient supine and place right or left side against the IR

- Place lead marker for side against IR

CR 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest to midcoronal plane

Arms above head

Exposure made on expiration

<p>Patient supine and place right or left side against the IR</p><p> - Place lead marker for side against IR</p><p>CR 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest to midcoronal plane</p><p>Arms above head</p><p>Exposure made on expiration</p>
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EVALUATION CRITERIA: DORSAL DECUBITUS RIGHT LATERAL POSITION

Diaphragm included

No rotation

No motion

<p>Diaphragm included</p><p>No rotation</p><p>No motion</p>
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CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR ACUTE ABDOMEN SERIES

Ileus

Ascites- fluid

Perforated hollow viscus

Intra-abdominal mass

Post-op (abdominal surgery)

If patient comes to department upright, perform those images first

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3-Way (aka Obstruction Series)

PA chest

AP erect or left lateral decub

- Must include diaphragm

AP supine

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2-Way (aka Abdomen Complete)

AP supine

AP erect or left lateral decubitus

- Must include diaphragm