Eamon de Valera in Power (1932–1948): Successes and Failures

Flashcards covering Eamon de Valera's time in power, including successes and failures related to politics, economy, foreign affairs, and society.

Constitution of 1937 (Bunreacht na hÉireann)

De Valera oversaw the drafting and passing of a new constitution, which replaced the 1922 Free State Constitution. It asserted Irish sovereignty, redefined the state as "Éire," and created the office of President of Ireland. Removed references to the British monarchy and the Governor-General, enhancing national independence.

End of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Terms

De Valera abolished the Oath of Allegiance to the British monarch and removed the role of the Governor-General. The Economic War with Britain (1932–1938), though painful, ended with the Anglo-Irish Agreement (1938), which returned the Treaty Ports to Ireland.

Policy of Neutrality in World War II (The Emergency)

Kept Ireland neutral during WWII, asserting independence in foreign affairs. Won public approval and preserved Ireland from the devastation of war.

Domestic Stability

Maintained democratic institutions during the global rise of authoritarianism. Defeated the fascist-influenced Blueshirts, showing commitment to democracy.

Economic Stagnation

Protectionist economic policies hindered industrial growth. The Economic War hurt agriculture and worsened rural poverty. Mass emigration and unemployment continued.

Social Conservatism

Policies aligned with the Catholic Church led to a restrictive role for women, censorship, and marginalization of non-Catholics.

Neutrality Criticisms

Neutrality was criticized internationally. Refusal to close the German legation and condolences after Hitler's death drew condemnation.

Neglect of Northern Ireland

No real progress on reunification. Approach was idealistic rather than strategic, worsening relations with Northern Unionists.