Too Much Information #1

Availability heuristic

A cognitive bias that occurs when people estimate the likelihood of an event based on how easily an example, information, or recent experience comes to mind.

Illusory truth effect

A cognitive bias that occurs when people are more likely to believe information to be true if they have heard it multiple times.

Mere exposure effect

A cognitive bias that occurs when people have a preference for things they are familiar with.

Mood-congruent memory bias

A cognitive bias that occurs when people's memories are influenced by their current mood.

Frequency illusion

A cognitive bias that occurs when people think they are noticing something more often than they actually are.

Empathy gap

The tendency to underestimate the influence of mental and emotional states on behavior and decisions.

Omission bias

* A cognitive bias that occurs when people believe that harm caused by inaction is more acceptable than harm caused by action - even if the negative consequences are the same.

Bizarreness effect

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people more easily remember and understand information that is unusual or unexpected.

Humor effect

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people are more likely to remember information that is presented in a humorous context.

Picture superiority effect:

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people are more likely to remember information that is presented in a visual format.

Self-relevance effect:

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people are more likely to remember information that is relevant to themselves.

Negativity bias:

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people give more weight to negative information than to positive information.

Anchoring

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making judgments.

Distinction effect

• The tendency to view two options as more distinctive when evaluating them simultaneously than when evaluating them separately.

Framing effect:

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people's choices are influenced by the way information is presented to them.

Weber-Fechner law

• A fundamental principle of perception which states that sensitivity to changes decreases when stimulus magnitude increases.

Confirmation bias:

• A cognitive bias that occurs when people seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs, while ignoring information that contradicts them.

Choice-supportive bias

• A cognitive bias where individuals tend to remember and favor information that supports their previous decisions, while disregarding information that contradicts them.

Experimenter's bias

• A cognitive bias where experimenters unconsciously influence the outcome of their research by the way they design, conduct, and interpret the results of their experiments.

Ostrich effect:

• The tendency to avoid dangerous or negative information by simply closing oneself off from this information.

Subjective validation

• A cognitive bias where individuals tend to believe information or predictions are true or valid because they have a personal or subjective connection to them.

Continued influence effect:

• A cognitive bias where individuals continue to be influenced by information or arguments they were exposed to in the past, even after they have been discredited or disproven.

Semmelweis reflex

• Reflex-like tendency to reject new evidence or new knowledge because it contradicts established norms, beliefs, or paradigms.

Bias blind spot:

A cognitive bias where individuals tend to recognize and acknowledge the biases of others, but not their own

Naive cynicism:

Occurs when people naïvely expect more egocentric bias in others than actually is the case.

Naive realism

• A cognitive bias where individuals assume that their own perceptions and interpretations of reality are accurate and unbiased, without considering alternative perspectives.