Preventive Medicine & Community Health Exam 1: Introduction to Key Concepts and Definitions

Preventive medicine

Proactive efforts directed toward the prevention of disease, disability and death in the individual or in the community

public health (PH)

Preventive medicine is deeply rooted in

public health (pursues)

-Pursues health promotion and health protection

-Primarily at the community and population levels,

preventive medicine

-Centers on disease prevention and disease treatment

-Primarily at the individual and small group levels

significant prevention depends on what

-PH measures

-organized government activity

-legislation

health

-A dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in nature,

-A resource for living,

-Results from a person's interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment

community health

health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health

What is public health?

Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur; most inclusive term.

What is the aim of public health?

To improve the health of everyone in the community.

community is:

-A group of people who have common characteristics

-Can be defined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or common bonds

community is characterized by

-Membership,

-common symbol systems,

-shared values and norms,

-mutual influence,

-shared needs and commitment to meeting them,

-shared emotional connection

Global Health

-Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries

-May be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries

-Best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions

Personal health activities

Individual actions and decision making that affect the health of an individual or his or her immediate family members or friends

Community/public health activities

-Activities aimed at protecting or improving the health of a population or community

-Maintaining birth and death records, protecting food and water supply, etc.

Community organizing

-A process through which communities are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement strategies for reaching their goals they have collectively set

-Is not a science, but an art of consensus building within a democratic process

how does individual behavior impact population health?

Takes the concerted effort of many individuals to make a program work & herd immunity

herd immunity

The resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high proportion of individuals

what are the 5 social determinants of health? 🌟

-economic stability

-education access & quality

-healthcare access & quality

-neighborhood & built environment

-social & community context

who developed the first vaccines?

Edward Jenner in 1796

John Snow🌟

-battle with cholera

-created a map of cholera cases & found a cluster around a water pump on Broad Street

-disproved miasma theory

-contributed to epidemiology

what is the benefit of preventive medicine?

to reduce healthcare costs

what is healthy people 2030?

Provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans.

what are the 5 key areas of the Healthy People 2030's Framework?

-Health Disparities

-Health Equity

-Health Literacy

-Well-being

-Social Determinants of Health

WHO (world health organization)

-most widely recognized international governmental health organization

-Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland

-Six regional offices around the world

-Not oldest world health-related international agency, but largest

when were UN representatives created and ratified the constitution of WHO

1946

when did the constitution of WHO started

1948

Purpose & work of WHO

-"Dedicated to the well-being of all people and guided by science, the World Health Organization leads and champions global efforts to give everyone, everywhere an equal chance to live a healthy life"

-Most notable work-helping to eradicate smallpox

-Work guided by 13th General Programme of Work and the UN's Millennium Declaration

what is the primary national health agency of the US?

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

what are examples of quasi-governmental health organizations

-American Red Cross

-National Academy of Sciences

-National Science Foundation

Corporate Involvement in Community Health

-Biggest role is provision of health care benefits

-Worksite health promotion programs aimed at lowering health care costs and reducing absenteeism (Safety, counseling, education courses, physical fitness centers)

what is the basic tool in the practice of preventive medicine?

annual checkups

What is the most difficult part of preventive medicine?

It takes a great deal of effort to motivate the individual patient

What is primordial prevention?

Risk factor reduction

what is primary prevention?

-Implemented before onset of disease.

-Aimed at susceptible population or individual

what is secondary prevention?

-Emphasizes early disease detection

-Aimed at individuals with subclinical forms of the disease.

what is tertiary prevention?

-addresses existing condition to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

-Implemented in symptomatic patients and aims to reduce severity of disease as well as associated sequelae.

what is quartenary prevention?

an action taken to protect individuals (persons/patients) from medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good.

When should preventive care begin?

before birth