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reaction time definition
the time between the onset of the stimulus and the start if the movement in response to it.
e.g 100m sprint - time between gun and sprinter putting pressure on the starting blocks
movement time definition
the time it takes from starting the movement to completing it
100m sprint - time between first pressing on the start blocks and finishing the race
response time defined
time between the onset of the stimulus and the completion of the movement
reaction time + moevemtn time = response time
eg. 100m sprint - time between the gun going off and the runner completing the face
difference between simple and choice reaction time? HICKS LAW
simple reaction time - is relevant to a single stimulus and a single possible response
choice reaction time - several stimuli are given but only one must be selected for a response
the more choices a person has, the kore infromation needs processing, and the longer it takes to process the information
the slower the reaction time
factors affecting reaction time
gender - men seem to have better reaction time/ peak later
body temperature - higher body temperature be faster reaction time (lower reaction time) - warming up improves reaction time
personality - intrinsic and extrinsic
limb used - more dominant hand will be more likely to be faster reaction time
likelihood of stimulus occurring - signal/ trigger - signal more likely to be faster
arousal/ alertness - not at optimum arousal level, reaction time would be higher so would be slower
warning signal - reaction time is quicker
stimulus intensity - reaction time quicker - sight screen in cricket with red ball increasing intensity of stimulus - Wimbledon ball against green wall
age
hydration
Hicks law
proposes if tennis serve only in one place there is only a number of one possible alternatives
as present more possibilities - their reposes time increases which is good for you as a player but bad for the opposition.
simple reaction time example
is relevant to a single stimulus and a single possible response - goal keeper saving a penalty
choice reaction time example
defending a 2 on 1
psychological refractory period (PRP)
presentation of second stimulus
will slow down the processing of information
causing a time lag (this is PRP) between the relevant stimulus and an appropriate response
example: selling a dummy in Rugby
tennis ball clips the net and changes direction (stimulus 2) response to second stimulus
if its big not respond very quickly and potentially miss the ball
if its short (the line) respond more quicker
stimulus 1 and response 1 - stimulus 2 and response 2
RPR sporting example 1 and 2
double dodge in netball
dummy pass
the role of anticipation - spatial
predicting what skill will happen e.g fielder anticipates what should the batter will play in rounders/cricket
role of anticipation - temporal
predicting when and where skill will be performed
GK anticipates where will the attacker shoot and when in hockey