mitosis and meiosis
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18 Terms
interphase
dna is duplicated
prohase
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromosomes condense
metaphase
chromosomes line up at the equator
spindle fibres attach to the centromere
anaphase
spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids to opposite poles
telophase
spindle fibres break down
nuclear membranes reform around each set of chromosomes
cytokineses
cell membrane and cytoplasm divide to form two genetically identical diploid daughter cells
haploid
23 chromosomes
diploid
46 chromosomes
cell differentiation
the process where a cell becomes specialised for its job
mitosis
cell division
elongation
plants grow in response to stimuli
growth percentile charts
used to monitor growth so we compare to other humans
cancer
uncontrolled cell division
specialised cells
cells that are adapted to carry out specific functions
stem cells
undifferentiated cells that can divide by mitosis and differentiate
embryonic stem cells
come from embryos around 4-7 days old
can differentiate into any type of cell
adult stem cells
come from specific tissues
can only differentiate into certain cell types
meiosis
dna in the parent cells duplicates
there are two divisions
4 genetically different haploid daughter cells are produced