Parts of the cell (organelles)

Organelles:

“organs” of a cell, membrane bound, allows for cellular function.

cell wall

protects the cell, gives the cell shape, made of cellulose, found in plants

cell membrane

other covering (protective layer) around all cells, allows food, oxygen, and water into the cell and waste out of the cell. *cell membrane is inside the cell wall

cytoplasm

gelatine like inside cell, constantly flowing, (aka protoplasm)

cytoskeleton

scaffolding like structure inside of cytoplasm, helps maintain or change cell shape, made of protein

Nucleus

Directs all cell activities, contains instructions for everything that cell does, instructions found in hereditary material called DNA, visually the largest organelle

nucleolus:

found inside the nucleolus, “little nucleus”

Endoplasmic reticulum

-Network of tubes or membranes, carries materials through the cell. Can be smooth (no granules), rough (granules on the surface (ribosomes))

Ribosome

Small bodies free or attached to the E.R, produces proteins

Mitochondrion

“power house” of the cell, place where sugar molecules are broken down into energy (cellular respiration), bean-shaped (had an inter membrane)

Golgi bodies

Compartment in which proteins are sorted and modified, stack of membrane-bound vesicles which package substances to be transported around the cell

Vacuoles

Fluid filled sacs found in both plant and animal cells (plants, bigger and fewer (needs more food). Animal, smaller, more.), stores food, water and waste

Lysosomes

small, sound structures with a membrane, breaks down larger food ,molecules into smaller molecules (digestion), attacks foreign bodies, digests old cell parts, not common in plants.

Chloroplasts

Green (contains green chlorophyll, oval structures found in plant cells, place where energy from the sun is utilized to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)