Honors science test lock in twan
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45 Terms
What is the Doppler Effect?
The observed change in frequency of sound or light due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer.
What is Cosmic Background Radiation?
The remaining energy from the Big Bang.
What does a spiral galaxy look like?
A galaxy with a flat, rotating disk containing stars, gas, dust, and spiral arms winding outward from the center.
What does an elliptical galaxy look like?
A galaxy shaped like a smooth, featureless ellipsoid containing older stars and little gas or dust.
What is parallax in astronomy?
The apparent annual motion of stars compared to background stars due to Earth's orbit around the Sun.
How to calculate the wavelength of light with frequency 5.2 × 10¹² Hz?
Use the formula wavelength = speed of light / frequency
Which color has the longest wavelength?
Red.
What is apparent brightness of a star?
The brightness of a star as seen from Earth.
How do radio waves' wavelengths compare to visible light?
Radio waves have longer wavelengths than visible light.
How to tell if a star is moving relative to Earth using absorption spectra?
If absorption lines shift toward red wavelengths, the star is moving away (redshift).
Which electromagnetic waves have longer wavelengths than visible light?
Infrared and microwaves.
Which star color has the highest surface temperature?
Green.
What element is found in this unknown star?
Strontium.
What is the frequency of light emitted by a 488 nm argon ion laser?
6.15 × 10¹⁴ Hz.
When is a star born?
When nuclear fusion begins.
Which gases might be in an unknown mixture?
Gas D and Gas C.
Why might a very bright star appear dim?
Because it is farther away.
Why is the Hubble Telescope located in space?
To avoid distortion by Earth's atmosphere.
Why do most galaxies appear to be moving away from us?
Due to redshift observed in their absorption spectra.
How is the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram used?
To categorize stars based on brightness and temperature.
Which stars are hottest and least bright on the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram?
White dwarfs.
What category of star is the Sun?
Main Sequence.
What properties does a long-wavelength wave have?
Low frequency and low energy.
What remains after a Red Giant sheds outer layers?
A planetary nebula and a white dwarf.
Which spectral type letter represents the hottest stars?
O.
What is a light-year?
The distance light travels in one year.
What does an astronomical unit (AU) represent?
The average distance between Earth and the Sun.
Why are large telescopes on mountains?
To be above part of the atmosphere.
What fusion happens in main-sequence stars?
Hydrogen fuses into helium.
Which electromagnetic waves have the highest energy?
Gamma rays.
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
Spiral galaxy.
What supports the universe's expansion theory?
Redshift of light from distant galaxies.
What is the life cycle of a Sun-like star?
Nebula → Main Sequence → Red Giant → Planetary Nebula → White Dwarf → Black Dwarf.
To what element do massive stars fuse up to?
Iron (Fe).
How old is the universe?
Approximately 13.7 billion years.
What can radiation from a star tell us?
Temperature, motion, and composition.
When does nuclear fusion start?
When a star is born.
Which spectral type letter represents the coolest stars?
M.
What is a supernova?
A gigantic explosion marking the death of a large star.
What are absorption spectra?
Spectra showing dark lines where gas absorbs light.
What color are the hottest stars?
Blue.
What type of galaxy is irregular?
A galaxy without a regular shape or structure.
Which stars are very bright but not very hot?
Red Supergiants.
What happens to a Red Giant's core?
It collapses into a white dwarf.