Muscles and Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck

Vocabulary flashcards identifying key muscles, innervations, actions, and blood vessels of the head and neck based on the provided lecture transcript.

Facial n. (CN VII)

The cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of facial expression and gives off 5 motor branches: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal mandibular, and Cervical.

Frontalis m.

A muscle of facial expression that draws the scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles the forehead.

Occipitalis m.

A muscle of facial expression that draws the scalp posteriorly.

Orbicularis oculi m.

A muscle of facial expression that closes the eye.

Orbicularis oris m.

A muscle of facial expression that closes and protrudes lips.

Buccinator m.

A muscle of facial expression that presses the cheek against teeth.

Platysma m.

A muscle of facial expression that tenses the skin of the neck and draws out part of the lower lip inferiorly & posteriorly.

Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal n. (CN V3)

The nerve division that innervates the muscles of mastication.

Temporalis m.

A muscle of mastication that elevates & retracts the mandible.

Masseter m.

A muscle of mastication that elevates the mandible.

Lateral pterygoid m.

A muscle of mastication that depresses, protracts, & moves the mandible from side-to-side.

Medial pterygoid m.

A muscle of mastication that elevates, protracts, & moves the mandible from side-to-side.

Accessory n. (CN XI)

The cranial nerve that innervates the trapezius m. and sternocleidomastoid m.

Trapezius m.

A neck muscle originating from the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7 & T1-T12 vertebrae; inserting at lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion, & spine of scapula; actions include elevating and retracting the scapula.

Sternocleidomastoid m.

A neck muscle that bilaterally flexes the cervical portion of the vertebral column and unilaterally rotates the head to the side opposite the contracting muscle.

Suprahyoid Muscles

A group of muscles located superior to the hyoid bone (Mylohyoid m., Digastric m., Stylohyoid m., Geniohyoid m.) that all elevate the hyoid bone.

Infrahyoid Muscles

A group of muscles located inferior to the hyoid bone (Sternohyoid m., Omohyoid m., Sternothyroid m., Thyrohyoid m.) that all depress the hyoid bone.

Common carotid a.

A major artery of the neck that bifurcates into the internal & external carotid aa.

Internal carotid a.

An artery that ascends towards the base of the skull, gives off NO branches in the neck, and forms the anterior circulation of the brain.

External carotid a.

An artery that gives off many branches in the neck and supplies the external neck & face.

Vertebral a.

An artery that branches off the subclavian aa. and forms the posterior circulation of the brain.

External jugular v.

A major vein located superficial to the sternocleidomastoid m. formed from the veins of the external face, head, & neck.

Internal jugular v.

A major vein located deep to the sternocleidomastoid m. that returns venous blood from inside the skull.