Concept 2 - Ionic Compounds and Bonding Concepts

What are ionic compounds made of?

Positive and negative ions that bond together to balance the charge.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion formed by losing electrons, typically from metals.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons, typically from nonmetals.

How are ionic bonds formed?

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from an atom with lower electronegativity to an atom with higher electronegativity.

What does electronegativity refer to?

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.

What ion does Lithium form?

Lithium forms a cation with a 1+ charge (Li1+).

What ion does Nitrogen form?

Nitrogen forms an anion with a 3- charge (N3-).

How do elements in the same group behave in terms of ionic charge?

Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and tend to form ions in similar ways.

What is the rule of zero charge?

The charges of metal cations and nonmetal anions must add up to zero to make a neutral compound.

What is the process to draw Lewis structures for ionic compounds?

Draw the Lewis structures, transfer electrons using arrows, then adjust until all atoms are stable.

What is a binary ionic compound?

A compound made of two elements that form an ionic bond through electron transfer.

How do you determine the chemical formula for a binary ionic compound?

Write the ions with charges, crisscross the numbers to balance the charges, and simplify if needed.

What are polyatomic ions?

Charged groups of covalently bonded atoms that act as a unit in ionic compounds.

What is the naming rule for binary ionic compounds?

Name the first element (the metal) and the second element (the nonmetal) with an --ide ending.

What should be done if a transition metal is involved in naming a compound?

Include a Roman numeral to indicate the charge of the transition metal.

How are ionic compounds with polyatomic ions named?

Use the special name of the polyatomic ion without adding an --ide ending.

What is the first step in writing the formula for an ionic compound?

Write down the ions of each element with their charges.

What do you need to remember when using parentheses in ionic compounds?

Parentheses are used to protect polyatomic ions, so their subscripts should not be changed.

What is a common strategy for determining the charge of a transition metal?

Use reverse crisscross or calculations based on the overall charge of the compound.

What is the significance of a Roman numeral in the name of a compound?

It indicates the charge of the transition metal in the compound.

Give an example of how to determine the formula for calcium nitrate.

Ca(NO3)2 since calcium has a 2+ charge and nitrate has a 1- charge.