Ch4

I.      BLANK involves listening and talking. Listening is an active, complex process.

A.    BLANK and BLANK are not the same.

1.     Hearing is a passive physiological activity that occurs when sound waves hit our eardrums.

2.     Listening is an active BLANK process

Effective communication

Hearing and listening

Complex

A.    The listening process includes? (6 things)

being mindful, physically receiving messages, selecting and organizing information, interpreting communication, responding, and remembering.

The first step being mindful-

BLANK is being fully engaged in the moment to focus on that which is happening in the here and now

Mindfulness enhances communication in two ways

1.attending mindfully to others increases our understandings of how they BLANK and think about what we are BLANK

2.mindfulness can enhance others’ BLANK

Mindfulness

Feel saying

Communication

Being mindful is a BLANK we make it is a personal commitment to attend fully and without diversion to the other person

Choice

Step 2- listening involves physically receiving messages

• physical reception of BLANK messages occurs through BLANK: people who are hearing impaired receive messages by reading lips or reading sing language

• Our BLANK to receive messages decreases when we are tired or ill

Vocal

Hearing

Ability

Step 3- involves BLANK and BLANK material

• we BLANK attend to some messages and elements of our environments and disregard others

• We are more likely to notice BLANK that are intense, loud, or unusual

• Once we’ve selected what to BLANK we organize what we’ve received

• We use BLANK to organize others’ communication

Selecting and organizing

Selectively

Stimuli

Notice

Cognitive schema

Step 4- listening involves interpreting others communication

• when we interpret we pull together all that we have selected and organized to make sense of the overall BLANK

• The most important principle in this process is to interpret people on their BLANK or make an effort to understand others’ perspectives

Situation

Own terms

Step 5- effective listening includes BLANK, which is communicating attention and interest as well as voicing our own views

• skillful listeners give BLANK signs that they are interested and involved

• The only way others know we are listening is through BLANK

Responding

Outward

Feedback

Step 6- the final part of effective listening is remembering or BLANK what we heard

• we remember less than BLANK of a message after we hear it

• After 8 hours we remember about BLANK of what we’ve heard

• Effective listeners let go of many BLANK in order to retain basic ideas and general impressions

Retaining

Half

1/3

Details

There are two obstacles to effective listening?

Those external and those internal

Although we cannot always control BLANK obstacles knowing what factors hinder listening can help us guard against them or compensate for the interference they create

• BLANK refers to the sheer amount of communication in our lives

• BLANK have increased the amount of information we are expected to process

• This even occurs in BLANK

External

Message overload

Technological advancements

Academic settings

BLANK refers to the difficult level of messages

• the more detailed and complicated messages are the BLANK it is to follow and retain them

• Many jobs today are highly specialized so communication among BLANK is often complex

Message complexity

Harder

Coworkers

BLANK also impeded effective listening

• BLANK around us can divert our attention and make it difficult for us to hear clearly

• BLANK try to reduce environmental distractions this can include turning off televisions phones nad laptops

Environmental distractions

sounds

Good listeners

Listening may be hindered by four internal physiological obstacles

1. BLANK with our own thoughts and concerns can impede good listening

2. BLANK can get in the way of understanding what others mean

3. Lack of BLANK and BLANK can reduce listening effectiveness

4. Failure to adjust to BLANK communication styles can hinder effective listening

Preoccupation

Prejudgments

Effort energy

Diverse

There are 6 forms of non listening

1.BLANK is pretending to be attentive to what another or others are saying

2.BLANK occurs when a person hogs the conversational stage

3. BLANK either selectively focusing on parts of communication that support our views and that interest us or selectively screening out parts of communication that diverge from our views or that do not interest us.

4.BLANK listening involves perceiving personal attacks, criticisms, or hostile undertones in communication when no offense is intended.

C.    BLANK is listening for the purpose of attacking the person speaking and/or that person’s ideas.

D.    BLANK listening occurs when individuals attend only to the content level of meaning in communication and overlook the relational level of meaning

Pseudolistening

Monopolizing

Selective listening

Defensive

Ambushing

Literal

Digital Media and listening

• Some online communication requires BLANK- when we video chat, we need the same mindfulness and listening skills that we use in face to face communication

• BLANK to digital media can interfere with face-to-face listening.

• We need to exercise BLANK when communicating digitally. We also need to be thoughtful about what we communicate on social media.

Mindful listening

Attention

Critical listening

Guidelines for Effective Listening

• A.    BLANK and BLANK mindfulness, efforts to control obstacles, asking questions, using aids to recall, and organizing information.

  B.    BLANK listening to support others requires mindfulness, suspending judgment, understanding the other person’s perspective, paraphrasing to reflect our interpretations of others’ communication, and expressing support.

Information and critical

Relational

Additional listening goals

1.     Listening for BLANK such as attending concerts or listening to streaming music.

2. Listening to BLANK—making fine distinctions between sounds to draw valid conclusions so we can act appropriately.

Pleasure

Discriminate