HA & P: Chapter 1

What is anatomy?

Is the study of any structure of the body

What is physiology?

Is the study of the function of a body

What is Gross or Microscopic Anatomy?

Is the study of any large body structure visible to the naked eye

What is Regional Anatomy?

Is of all structures like the muscles, bones, and etc. in a particular region of the body

What kind of anatomy is the study of all body structures in a body region?

Regional Anatomy

What kind of anatomy is the study of all structures in a body system?

Systemic Anatomy

What kind of anatomy is the study of internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin?

Surface Anatomy

What kind of anatomy is the study of change in body structures over the course of a lifetime?

Developmental Anatomy

Is the study of structural changes associated with disease?

Pathological anatomy

This kind of anatomy is the study of internal structures using specialized visualization techniques?

Radiographic Anatomy

Is the study of biological molecules?

Molecular Biology

What principle states that the function is dependent on structure and the form of a structure relates to its function?

Complementarity of Structure & Function

What are the levels of structural organization?

Atoms/Molecules (Chemical level) , Cells (Cellular level) , Groups of cells (Tissue level) , Two or more tissues (Organ level) , Organs that work together (Organ System) , All Organ systems (Organismal level)

What tools are used in studying anatomy?

Observation, manipulation, palpation (feeling of organs), & Auscultation (listening to organs with stethoscope)

Which organ system forms the external body covering & protects deeper tissues from injury, and synthesizes vitamin D?

Integumentary System

What organ system protects & supports body organs, it provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement, and bones store minerals?

Skeletal System

This organ system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, & facial expression, and maintains posture?

Muscular System

What does the Nervous System do?

It is the fast-acting control system of the body and it responds to internal & external changes

What do the glands in the Endocrine System secrete to regulate processes?

Hormones

What organ system has blood vessels transport blood and that the heart pumps blood?

Cardiovascular System

What organ system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and houses white blood cells?

Lymphatic System

This organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and exchanges occur through the wall of the air sacs of the lungs?

Respiratory System

What organ system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood?

Digestive System

This organ system eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body?

Urinary System

This organ systems function is the production of offspring?

Reproductive Systems

What are the 8 necessary life functions?

Maintaining boundaries, Movement (Contractility), Responsiveness (Irritability), Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, & Growth

What are the 5 survival needs for survival?

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temperature, & Atmospheric pressure

This process is the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?

Homeostasis

Is the factor or event being regulated?

Variable

This involved continuous monitoring & regulation of many factors and the components of receptor, control center, and effector

Homeostatic Control

What mechanisms causes the variable to change in a direction opposite to that of the initial change?

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Is the first component which it is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to stimuli by sending a message?

Receptor

This pathway is that the message is sent to the control center along a specific pathway for incoming information?

Input / Afferent Pathway

Is the second component which determines the set point, analyzes the input it receives by comparing to the set point and flows to the efferent pathway?

Control Center

This component carries out the control center’s response to the stimulus, which then feed backs to the influence the effect of the stimulus?

Effector

What two systems are important to the maintenance of homeostasis?

Nervous System & Endocrine System

What other mechanism causes the variable to change in the same direction as the original change, resulting in a move away from the set point?

Positive Feedback Mechanism

This is the disturbance of homeostasis, which it can increase risk of disease?

Homeostatic Imbalance

What is the standard anatomical body position?

Body is erect, feet are slightly apart, & palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body

Which major body division consists of the head, neck, & trunk?

Axial Part

Which major body division consists of limbs (legs & arms)

Appendicular Part

This directional term is toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body?

Superior (Cranial)

This directional term is away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body?

Inferior (Caudal)

This directional term is toward or at the front of the body?

Anterior (Ventral)

What directional term is toward or at the back of the body?

Posterior (Dorsal)

This directional term is toward or at the midline of the body

Medial

This directional term is away from the midline of the body

Lateral

This directional term is between a more medial and a more lateral structure?

Intermediate

This directional term is closer to the origin of the body part?

Proximal

This directional term is farther from the origin of a body part

Distal

This directional term is toward or at the body surface?

Superficial (external)

This directional term is away from the body surface?

Deep (internal)

What plane divides the body into right and left parts?

Sagittal Plane

What plane lies on exactly on the midline?

Midsagittal (median) plane

This plane is not on the midline?

Parasagittal Plane

What plane divides the body into anterior & posterior parts?

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

What plane divided the body into superior & inferior parts; can also be called a Cross Section?

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

What kind of section is the result of cuts at angle other than 90 degrees to vertical plane?

Oblique Section

What cavity consists of the brain?

Cranial Cavity

What cavity consists of the spinal cord?

Vertebral Cavity

What cavity is lined by a thin, clear, serous membrane and houses internal organs?

Ventral Cavity

What cavity is the superior division of the ventral cavity?

Thoracic Cavity

What cavity each houses a lung?

Pleural Cavities

This superiorly surrounds thoracic organs and interiorly contains pericardial cavity?

Mediastinum

This cavity encloses the heart?

Pericardial Cavity

What does the abdominopelvic consists?

Abdominal Cavity & Pelvic Cavity

What covers the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surfaces of organs?

Serous Membranes

What lines the internal cavity walls?

Parietal Serosa

What covers the outer surfaces of internal organs?

Visceral Serosa

1. Parietal Pericardium

2. Pericardial

3. Visceral Pericardium

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

What are the 9 regions of the body?

Right Hypochondriac Region, Right Lateral Region, Right Inguinal Region, Epigastric Region, Umbilical Region, Pubic Region, Left Hypochondriac Region, Left Lateral Region, Left Inguinal Region