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West nile virus
enveloped flavivirus, transmitted by mosquitoes, maintained in bird-host cycle
WNV symptoms
80% have no/few symptoms, 20% develop fever + other symptoms
mild symptoms
fever, headache, joint pain, vomitting, diarrhea, rash
WNV severe disease
1 in 150 people can progress to severe symptoms
WNV neuroinvasive diseae
infection of the CNS causes meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis
WNV death
CNS infection can result in death
Treatment
no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment
Reservoir
Birds
WNV zoonosis
WNV is a zoonosis, it causes disease in birds & humans
Accidental hosts
Humans and horses
Dead-end host
humans are a dead end host, they don’t have a high enough blood viral load to infect mosquitoes
WNV north america
local outbreaks began in the US in 1999 after introduction from birds
vertical transmission
mother-to-child transmission