Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary

Flashcards on Mendelian Genetics

Transcription

The process that produces RNA from DNA templates.

Translation

The process that produces proteins from RNA templates.

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

Carries the genetic information from the DNA and is used for protein synthesis.

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Major constituents of ribosomes.

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

45 different types, each carrying a particular amino acid for translation.

Phenotype

Observable property of an organism.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Monohybrid Cross

A cross between individuals who are both heterozygotes for one gene.

Testcross

Performed to determine if an individual with the dominant characteristic is homozygous or heterozygous: An individual with the dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with an individual with the recessive phenotype.

Law of Independent Assortment

States that the alleles of different genes segregate independently of one another during gametogenesis and are distributed independently of one another in the next generation.

Linked genes

Genes on the very close to each other on the same chromosome.

Product Rule

The probability of two (or more) independent events, A and B, occurring together is given by the product of their separate probabilities.

Sum Rule

The probability of the realization of one or the other of two mutually exclusive events, A or B, is the sum of their separate probabilities.