Fundamentals of Computer Systems

Test One

A _____ is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data to produce information and store the information for future use.

Computer

The basic premise of ___ is that objects can be tagged, tracked, and monitored through a local network or across the internet.

IoT

With _____ an attacker who presents to be from a legitimate research firm asks for personal information.

Pretexting

A company’s computers monitor assembly lines and equipment using _____________ communications to communicate between machines, equipment, and devices to perform tasks.

Machine-to-Machine (M2M)

Use humorous or informal names for your account profiles, blog, or domain name.

False

Electronic components in computers process data using instructions, which are the steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task.

False

A ____ is anyone who interacts with a computer or mobile device, or utilized the information it generates.

User

______ includes the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the internet.

Netiquette

The internet makes it easier to pirate, copy, or use someone else’s work and claim it as your own.

False

__________ displays scrolling text for dialogue in a video.

captioning software

Web-based training site where students can check their progress in a course, take practice tests, and exchange messages with the instructor or other students

Learning Management System (LMS)

Type of desktop computer that does not contain a tower and instead used the same case to house the display and the processing circuitry.

all-in-one

an environment where processors are embedded in every product imaginable, and the products communicate with one another via the Internet or wireless networks

Internet of Things

a chip that contains a central processing unit

Processor

a document that lists guidelines and repercussions of use of the Internet and other digital company  resources, including network storage, and email servers

Acceptable Use Policy

series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

App

a policy enabling employees to use their personal devices to conduct business

BYOD

a freestanding booth usually placed in a public area that can contain a display device used to show information to the public or event attendees

Kiosk

thin, light-weight mobile computer that has a touch screen

tablet

term that describes the trend of computers and devices with technologies that overlap

convergence

No single person or government agency controls or owns the Internet.

True

______webpages may contain customized content, such as the current date and time of day, desired stock quotes, weather for a region, or ticket availability for flights.

Dynamic

Before you can connect to the Internet, you must identify the network using its _____

service set identifier (SSID)

A ____ is a descriptive text used to categorize media and invite comments.

tag

The “s” in https stands for

Secure

Two uses can have the same email address?

False

A ________ on a social media site provides a listing of the most recent content posted to the network.

new or activity feed

______ comb the web to find webpages and add new data about them to the database.

crawlers

To broaden a search, you can use a_______ which is the base of a word.

word stem

A ________ gives authors and artists the legal right to sell, publish, or distribute an original work.

copyright

characters, words, or symbols that refine a search

**Boolean operator**

real-time typed conversations by two or more people who are online at the same time

chat

website or web app that gathers, organizes, and then distributes web content

curation website

preferred websites that you can access with a click or selecting an icon from a folder

favorite

portion of a URL that identifies one or more IP addresses

domain name

term used to refer to the major carriers of network traffic

Internet Backbone

descriptive text used to categorize media and invite comments

tag

technique that transforms a smartphone or Internet-capable tablet into a portable communications device that shares its internet access with other computers and devices wirelessly

tethering

computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile device

web server

a collaborative website where you and your colleagues can modify and publish content on a webpage

wiki

usually require simple hardware and can rely on the operating system’s features to connect to other devices on the network.

smaller networks

Most of today’s Internet connections are

broadband connections

A P2P network typically requires a network administrator

False

For computers and devices to successfully communicate on a network, they ______ to support the same network standards.

have

You can use Bluetooth to establish a ____

PAN

A ______ uses existing standard copper telephone wiring to send and receive digital data.

DSL modem

A _______ is a type of always-on physical connection that is TRUE established between two communications devices.

dedicated line

The number of devices, as well as the operating system or platform on which the devices operate will determine the speed and strength needed to run your wireless network.

True

_________ settings usually can be changed by accessing the wireless router with a browser.

Wireless network 

USENIX developed a code of conduct for program developers.

False

allows users connected to a network to exchange money from one account to another via transmission media

EFT

the method by which computers and devices are physically arranged on a network

topology

third-party business that provides networking services, such as EDI services, secure data and information transfer, storage, or email

Value-Added_Network (VAN)

specify the way computers access a network, the type(s) of hardware used, data transmission speeds, and the types of cable and wireless technology used

network standards

internal network that uses Internet technologies

intranet

connects a network to the Internet

modem

an amplifier used to improve reception

booster

the logical design of all devices on a network

network architecture

a series of numbers and/or letters used to encrypt data sent between devices

wireless network key

common set of rules for exchanging information

protocol

Data travels in and out of the CPU through imbedded wires called a motherboard.

False

____ is information processed into a useful form, such as text, graphics, audio, video, or any combination of these.

Output

_____ is a form of cyberbullying in which documents (doc) are shared digitally that give private or personal information about a people, such as their contact information or medical records. 

Doxxing

A _____is the smallest unit of time a process can measure.

cycle

_______is an electrical disturbance that can degrade communications.

Noise

A _______ is a test run by a laboratory or other organization to determine processor speed and other performance factors. 

benchmark

A ________ is a device that maintains power to computer equipment in case of an interruption in the primary electrical source. 

surge suppressor

_______involves storing electronic files on the internet, not on a local computer.

cloud storage

A ______ is a device that connects two or more networks and directs the flow of information along the networks.

router

The four steps in the __________ are: fetching, decoding, executing, and storing.

machine cycle

memory that loses its power when power is removed

volatile

raw facts, such as text or numbers

data

specifies the design and arrangement of items that you use so that you interact with the items effieciently and safely

ergonomics

determines the speed at which data travels

Bus Width

used to defend equipment form spikes, surges, and noises

surge protectors

a hard drive without moving parts

solid-state drive

often contains toxic metals such as lead or mercury

e-waste

a communications device that connects a communications channel, such as the Internet, to a sending or receiving device, such as a computer

modem

contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying elecrtical current

integrated circuit

game controller with a handheld vertical lever, mounted on a base, that you move in diffferent directions to control the actions of a simulated vehicle or player

joystick

_______is the software that runs a computer, including the operating system.

System Software

Menus are windows with controls that let you tell the operating system how you want to complete a command.

False

Every program or app, including the operating system, requires 

RAM

A ____ is an area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device. 

Buff

iOS is an example of a desktop operating system.

False

____ operating systems are distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee.

SaaS

When you save a file, the program or app assigns the _____.

File Extension

A ________ displays the contents of a folder, drive, or device.

Program Window

On a networked computer, such as at your school or workplace, you will not have access to the administrator account.

True

A ______ is a section of a hard disk that functions like a separate disk. 

Partition

allows an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be “swapped” into RAM

Virtual Memory

the components required to perform work, including the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices

Resources

define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources

Permissions

**enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed**

VM

a special folder that catalogues specific files and folders in a central location

library

will run on newer versions of an operating system

Upward compatible

Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

Chrome OS

a type of graphic file

.jpg

the practice of sharing computing resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network

virtualization

Which of the following is the temporary storage area that holds selections you copy or cut?

Clipboard