HEENT - HA

What are the bones that make up the cranium?

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.

What muscles are involved in facial expressions?

Frontalis, temporalis, zygomaticus, masseter, buccinators, orbicularis oculi and oris.

Which cervical vertebrae support the neck?

C1-C7.

What are the major neck muscles?

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.

What are common problems associated with the head and neck?

Headache, neck pain, limited neck movement, facial pain, lumps or masses.

What are signs of possible thyroid storm?

Tachycardia, tachypnea, n/v/d, abdominal pain, hyperkinesis, fever, weakness.

What should the nurse assess during a physical exam of the head and neck?

Inspect and palpate the scalp, symmetry, masses, lesions, eyes, ears, and neck.

What does the acronym HEENT stand for?

Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat.

What findings indicate a normal head assessment?

Head centered, proportional to body, erect, without tremors or unusual movements.

What does a clear lens and a pink conjunctiva indicate?

Normal findings of the eye.

What test is used to assess distance vision?

Snellen (adults) or Allen (children) chart.

What does a 20/60 reading on a vision chart indicate?

What the patient sees at 20 feet is what a person with normal vision sees at 60 feet.

What are the symptoms of acute glaucoma?

Acute loss of vision and possible pain.

What does the auditory nerve (CN VIII) do?

Transmits sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain.

What is the primary organ for smell?

The nose.

Which cranial nerve is involved in the sense of taste?

CN VII: facial nerve.

What is a common site for nosebleeds?

Kiesselbach plexus.

What should be done first for a nosebleed?

Apply pressure by pinching the nostrils and encourage mouth breathing.

What is the major function of the thyroid gland?

Regulating metabolism.

What is the role of the iris in vision?

Regulates the amount of light that enters the pupil.

What is ptosis?

Drooping eyelid, often seen after a stroke.

What age group commonly experiences near vision difficulties?

Patients older than 40.

What are common complaints of ear disorders?

Hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, otalgia.

What is conductive hearing loss?

Hearing loss due to disrupted sound waves by blockage.

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Hearing loss due to dysfunction beyond the middle ear.

What are signs of thyroid dysfunction in elderly women?

Hypothyroidism is especially common.

What cultural group has a higher risk for thyroid cancer?

Asian/Pacific Islanders.

What shapes the outer layer of the eye?

Sclera and cornea.

What color indicates a healthy throat lining?

Pink and moist.

Which group is at high risk for glaucoma?

African Americans, family history of glaucoma.

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Aid in taste, chewing, and speech articulation.

What changes can affect hearing in the elderly?

Extra cartilage growth and cerumen accumulation.

What are common signs of a thyroid storm?

Tachycardia and fever.

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

Provide proprioception and equilibrium.

What does the cornea do when we see light?

It allows rays of light to enter the eye.

What are the three major salivary glands?

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.

What can lead to meniere disease?

Vestibular dysfunction.

What does the term anosmia refer to?

Decreased sense of smell.

What is the purpose of hydration and specific foods concerning eye health?

It promotes eye health.

What condition can lead to vertigo?

Vestibular dysfunction.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for visual acuity?

CN II: optic nerve.

What are the assessment findings of a normal ear examination?

Symmetrical, equal size, without lumps or tenderness.

What should a nurse do for aspiration risk during a throat assessment?

Evaluate swallowing.

What is the main component of sound that cochlea interprets?

Amplitude (volume) and frequency (pitch).

Which cranial nerve assesses the ability to swallow?

CN IX: glossopharyngeal.

What should be the nurse's focus during patient teaching for eye care?

Encouraging routine eye exams and protective measures.

What is the vascular middle layer of the eye composed of?

Iris, ciliary bodies, and choroids.

What is a common sign of otitis media?

Ear pain and possible drainage.

What is the significance of the buccal mucosa in the mouth assessment?

Evaluates health and presence of lesions or inflammation.

What leads to dysfunction of the cochlea?

Sensorineural hearing loss.

What does the otologic examination assess?

Ear canals, tympanic membrane, and surrounding areas.

What does the presence of lumps or masses in the neck indicate?

Possible underlying pathology or malignancy.

What lifestyle change can help prevent visual acuity loss?

Maintain good blood pressure and diabetes control.