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Colonialism
When a powerful nation establishes itself in a less powerful nation for economic or political gain.
Example of colonialism causing diffusion
European colonization of the Americas occurred in the 1500s and 1600s.
Imperialism
When a country enacts policies to extend control over other countries.
Military conquest
Conquering and victorious powers can quickly spread cultural change, often faster than other processes.
Lingua Franca
Common language used among speakers of different languages.
Creolization
The interactions between cultures can result in two or more cultures blending together.
Trade
The buying and selling of goods has historically brought people together.
Silk Road
Led to an exchange of ideas and technology.
Migration
Migration leads to the spread of ideas, culture, and language.
Example of Migration Diffusion
The development of the Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian) resulted from the spread of Latin during the Roman Empire.
Globalization
The growth of technology has made it much easier for cultural traits to spread.
Urbanization
The movement of people from rural to urban areas has allowed for the growth of diversity, as different cultures spread ideas when they are closer together.
Technology
The Internet has made diffusion more commonplace than ever before.
Cultural convergence
The process by which cultural interaction leads to the merging of ideas, innovations, and cultural traits.
Distance decay
At the heart of cultural convergence; thus, cultural convergence happens at a much faster pace than in previous times.
Cultural divergence
Cultural divergence occurs when individuals or groups move away from their core culture and are exposed to new cultural traits.
Amish people
An example of a traditional society that attempts to fight against cultural divergence.
Diffusion
Spread of an idea or characteristic over time.
Imperialism
The practice of a country extending its power and influence over other countries, typically through the use of military force, economic coercion, or cultural domination.
Native speakers
Individuals who have acquired a language as their first language during childhood and use it as their primary means of communication.
Slang
An informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words.
Pidgin language
A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages.
Time-space convergence
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
Social constructs
The idea that the social context of individuals and groups constructs the reality that they know, rather than an independent material world.
