SNC2DY-a Types of Reactions (Chapter 6)

synthesis

two reactants (elements or compounds) react to produce one new compound.

A + B = AB

metal oxide + water

metal hydroxide or base

nonmetal oxide + water

acid

metal oxide + carbon dioxide

metal carbonate

metal halides + oxygen

metal halates

MgCl2(s) +3O2(g)---> Mg(ClO3)2(s)

decomposition

AB->A+B

Binary compounds (e.g. 𝐻𝑔𝐶𝑙2(𝑠) → 𝐻𝑔(𝑙) + 𝐶𝑙2(𝑔))

Metal carbonate -> Metal oxide + CO2 gas (e.g. 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3(𝑠) → 𝐶𝑎𝑂 𝑠 + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔))

Metal nitrate -> Metal nitrite + O2 gas (e.g. 2𝐾𝑁𝑂3(𝑠) → 2𝐾𝑁𝑂2(𝑠) + 𝑂2(𝑔))

Metal hydroxide -> Metal oxides + H2O (e.g. 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2(𝑠)→ 𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐻2𝑂(𝑔))

Metal chlorate -> Metal chloride + O2 gas (e.g. 𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3(𝑠) → 𝐾𝐶𝑙(𝑠) + 3𝑂2(𝑔))

Certain acids -> Non-metal oxides + H2O (e.g. 𝐻2𝑆𝑂3(𝑎𝑞) → 𝑆𝑂2(𝑔) + 𝐻2𝑂(𝑙))

Hydrates -> H2O + anhydrous salt (e.g. 𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 ⋅ 5𝐻2𝑂 𝑠 → 𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 𝑠 + 5𝐻2𝑂 𝑔 )

complete combustion

hydrocarbon + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water

incomplete combustion

insufficent oxygen, produces: carbon monoxide, water and soot (solid carbon)

vehicles burn gasoline

incompletely (low engine temp)

CO binds w hemoglobin

metals + oxygen

metal oxide or peroxides

nonmetal + oxygen

nonmetal oxide

diatomic elements with states

HOFBrINCl

P4S8

all the solids: I2, P4, S8

liquid: Br2

law of conservation of mass

Matter is neither created nor destroyed

single-displacement reaction

chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound

Metals replace another metal

A + BX → AX + B

Non-metals replace another non-metal

XA + B → XB + A

REMEMBER:

Metal Reacting with Water

(Eg. Reactive metals + water -> Base + H2 gas

Metals from Li - Na

react w water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

Metals from Mg--->Cd

react w steam to form metal oxide n hydrogen gas

metals above hydrogen

react w acids to form ionic compound and hydrogen gas

NR meaning

non-reactive (cant dispace)

Metals from Li - Na w O2

forms metal peroxides and metal oxides

metals from Mg-Hg

reacts w oxygen to form metal oxide

what is corrosion

Corrosion is the destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment.

metals that dont corrode

gold n platinum

where is corrosion beneficial

when reacting w oxygen aluminum oxide forms a protective layer coating the aluminum

and copper forms the green patina (weatherproof 75 years)

what is rust? diff between rust n corrosion

reddish brown flaky iron (III) oxide

rust doesnt stick to the metal unlike other metals

5 factors of rust

air, h20 electrolytes, acidity, mech.stress

more humid air=more rust

dry air=less rust

salt

speeds up rusting

protective coating for rust

cover metal w rust inhabiting paint, chrome or plastic

corrosion resistant materials

stainless steel (fe, ni, cr, c)

plastic

galvanizing

Coating steel with zinc to prevent corrosion forming ZnO sticking to steel n zinc

double-displacement reaction

AB + CD → AD + CB

A gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds

1. Formation of a precipitate (s)

2. Production of a gas

3. Formation of water in neutralization - form water and a «salt»

4. Special Case: D.D. forming a carbonic acid

5. Special Case: D.D. forming ammonium

precipitation reactions

2 ionic= 2 new solids where 1 is precipitate (insol) and other is aq

acid base reaction

a reaction where an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt (ionic compound)

when base is CO2 a carbonate also forms