Demographic Transition Model and Migration Patterns

Stage 1

Low NIR, high CBR, high CDR. Migration was usually high daily or seasonal mobility in search of food. Common cause of death was due to the inability to feed themselves because of inability to locate enough animals or vegetation.

Stage 2

High NIR, high CBR, rapidly falling CDR. High international emigration and interregional migration from rural to urban areas. Cause of death is still infectious diseases though it is on the decline due to improved healthcare.

Stage 3

Declining NIR, rapidly declining CBR, still declining CDR. High international immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs. In this stage people are dying from chronic disorders and degenerative diseases associated with aging, specifically cardiovascular diseases and various forms of cancer.

Stage 4

Low NIR, low CBR, low CDR. Migration patterns are similar to stage 3. Common cause of death in this stage deals more with delayed degenerative diseases from stage 3, focused on lifestyle decisions that cause death.

Stage 5

Negative NIR, low CBR, increasing CDR. Cause of death is more age-related and diseases become more prevalent due to an aging population. Migration may occur from regions with declining populations to areas with more favorable economic conditions or higher birth rates.

Arithmetic Density

Total population/total land area = ?

Physiological Density

Total population/arable land area = ? Tells us the capacity of which a land is able to yield food for the needs of that population.

Agricultural Density

Farmer population/arable land.

Population Pyramid Interpretation

Japan's demographic structure resembles more of a 'cup' shape. The child population constitutes only 11.5% of the total population, while the elderly population makes up a substantial 30.1%.

Net Migration

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants. Equation: Immigrants - Emigrants = ?, if positive net in-migration, if negative net-out migration.

Emigration

Migration from a location.

Immigration

Migration to a location.

Remittance

Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated.

Intraregional Migration

Movement within one region of a country.

Interregional Migration

Movement from one region of a country to another in that same country.

International Migration

A permanent move from one country to another.

Push Factors

Events or conditions that cause people to emigrate from their present location.

Pull Factors

Events or conditions that cause people to immigrate to a location.

Urbanization

Migration from rural areas to urban areas. This happened in the 1800s and was due to the Industrial Revolution.

Suburbanization

Migration from cities to suburbs. This happened in the mid-twentieth century.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Calculated by taking the total population, dividing it by 1000, multiplying the product by either the CBR or CDR, and then adding if it is the CBR and subtracting if it is the CDR.

Chronic Disorders

Diseases associated with aging, such as cardiovascular diseases and various forms of cancer.

Delayed Degenerative Diseases

Diseases that are more focused on lifestyle decisions that cause death, such as poor diets and substance use.

Aging Population

A demographic situation where the proportion of elderly individuals increases, leading to more age-related diseases.

Economic Conditions and Migration

Migration may occur from regions with declining populations to areas with more favorable economic conditions or higher birth rates.

California Gold Rush

A significant event that prompted migration to California during the period of 1850-1890.

Rust Belt

An area in the Northeast and Upper Midwest of the United States that experienced economic decline, leading to migration to the Sun Belt.

Suburban Life

A lifestyle choice that offers the opportunity to live in a detached house surrounded by a private yard.

Counter Urbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in developed countries, occurring in the late-twentieth century.

Language Family

A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history.

Language Branch

A collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago.

Language Group

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past.

Dialect

Regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Lingua Franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used to communicate by people who have different native languages.

Multilingual State

A country where more than one language is spoken.

Sedentary Farmer Theory

Suggests the Indo-European language family diffused via peaceful spread of agricultural practices from Anatolia to Southwest Asia and Europe.

Nomadic Warrior Theory

Suggests the Indo-European language family diffused via conquest of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe by skilled Kurgan horsemen.

Universal Religion

Attempts to be global, appealing to all people, regardless of culture or location.

Ethnic Religion

Appeals primarily to one group of people living in one place.

Christianity

A universal religion with three largest branches: Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant.

Islam

A universal religion with two largest branches: Sunni (88%) and Shiite (12%).

Buddhism

A universal religion with three largest branches: Theravada (56%), Mahayana (38%), and Vajrayana (6%).

Judaism

An ethnic religion.

Hinduism

An ethnic religion.

Christianity's Belief in God

Followers believe in one god.

Islam's Belief in God

Followers believe in one god, called Allah.

Buddhism's Belief in God

Followers do not believe in a single god or any god.

Hinduism's Belief in God

Followers believe in a supreme god consisting of multiple deities.

Judaism's Belief in God

Followers believe in one god.

Christianity's Teachings

Followers believe in the teachings of Jesus.

Islam's Teachings

Followers follow the teachings of the prophet Muhammed.

Buddhism's Teachings

Followers follow the teachings of Buddha.

Judaism's Teachings

Followers follow the teachings of Moses and Abraham.

Christianity's Text

Followers study the Holy Bible.

Islam's Text

Followers study the holy book called the Quran.

Buddhism's Text

Followers commonly cite the Tipitaka.

Hinduism's Text

Followers study the Vedas, a text comprised of several texts.

Judaism's Text

Followers follow the Torah, which is the Old Testament of the Bible.

Sacred Sites

Locations considered holy by religious followers.

Mecca

Islam's holiest city, located in Saudi Arabia.

Medina

Second holiest city in Islam, also in Saudi Arabia.

Bethlehem

Birthplace of Jesus, significant in Christianity.

Jerusalem

Sacred city for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Tipitaka

Main scripture in Buddhism, containing teachings.

Vedas

Hindu scriptures consisting of multiple texts.

Race

Identity based on common biological ancestry.

Ethnicity

Identity based on cultural traditions of a homeland.

Nationalism

Allegiance to a specific country or nation.

Genocide

Mass killing to eliminate a specific group.

Ethnic Cleansing

Forcible removal of a less powerful ethnic group.

Blockbusting

Deceptive tactic to manipulate real estate prices.

White Flight

Emigration of Whites anticipating Black immigration.

African American Migration

Movements influenced by historical and social factors.

Forced Migration

Involuntary movement of people, often due to slavery.

Yugoslavia Ethnic Cleansing

Violence against Bosniaks during the 1990s conflict.

Hearth Area

Geographic origin of a particular religion.

Southeastern U.S.

Region with high concentration of African Americans.

Asian American Concentration

Predominantly found in California and the West.

Hispanic American Concentration

Mainly in the Southwestern U.S. due to migration.