Circulatory System - Biology

Name the two fluids that circulate in the body.

Blood and Lymph

Name any four substances transported by blood.

Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Digested food and Hormones

The yellow coloured fluid part of the blood.

Plasma

The respiratory pigment contained in RBCs.

Haemoglobin

Any two organelles absent in mature RBCs.

Nuclei, mitochondria

The process of WBCs squeezing out through capillary walls.

Diapedesis

Average life span of RBCs.

120 days

Range of RBCs per mm³ in a normal adult human female.

4.5 million

The two major categories of WBCs.

Granular & Non-granular

Blood cells involved in leukaemia.

Leukocytes

Process of coagulation starts with the release of a substance from RBCs – True or False?

False — it starts with platelets

Blood fails to clot readily in the case of deficiency of calcium – True or False?

True

The solid fibrin and thrombin are one and the same thing – True or False?

False — thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin in presence of calcium

The clear liquid that oozes out after a clot is serum – True or False?

True

The category of vitamin required for clotting of blood.

Vitamin K

Any two diseases related with blood clotting.

Haemophilia, dengue

The antibodies present in plasma of O type blood group.

Antibody A and B

The animal for which Rh stands in the context of blood group.

Rhesus monkey

Ventricles have …………… walls when compared with those of auricles.

Thick

Ventricles give rise to two large blood vessels called …………… and ……………

Pulmonary artery and Aorta

Location of Tricuspid valve.

Right Ventricle

Location of Mitral valve.

Left Ventricle

Location of Pulmonary semilunar valves.

Pulmonary Artery

Why is the pulmonary artery shown blue in diagrams?

It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Contraction phase of heart.

Systole

The structure that holds the heart valves in position.

Tendinous cords (Chordae tendinae)

The phase of heartbeat in which both AV (atrio-ventricular)valves are closed.

Ventricular Systole

The ……… have thin and less muscular ……………and have …………… to prevent back flow of ……………

Auricles, walls, cuspid valves, blood

…………… carry blood to an organ and break up into …………… ending in capillaries.

Arteries → arterioles → capillaries

Walls of capillaries consist of a single layer of …………… cells.

Squamous epithelial cells

The substances to and from the tissues diffuse through the walls of …………… .

Capillaries

Name the two major circulations of blood.

Pulmonary (lung) circulation, Systemic (body) circulation

Pulmonary artery carries blood from where to where?

From right ventricle to lungs

Renal artery carries blood from where to where?

From aorta to kidney

Posterior vena cava carries blood from where to where?

From lower body to right atrium

Hepatic vein carries blood from where to where?

From liver to posterior vena cava

Hepatic portal vein carries blood from where to where?

From stomach/intestine to liver

Define portal vein.

A vein that starts with capillaries and ends in capillaries

What is pulse?

Alternate expansion and recoil of artery wall during ventricular systole

Normal values of blood pressure in a human adult.

100–140 mm systolic / 60–80 mm diastolic

Which kind of cells are mostly found in lymph?

Leukocytes

Three functions of lymph.

(1) Supplies nutrition & O₂ where blood can’t reach

(2)It drains away excess tissue fluid and metabolites and returns proteins to the blood from tissue spaces.

(3)Fats from the intestine are absorbed through lymphatics.

Two main lymphatic organs in humans.

Spleen and Tonsils

Smallest WBC.

Lymphocyte

Part of lymphatic system absorbing fats from intestine.

Lacteals

Special lymphatic node on the sides of the neck.

Tonsils

Which blood cells transport oxygen?

Erythrocytes — contain haemoglobin

Which organ acts like a blood reservoir?

Spleen

Process of engulfing bacteria by neutrophils.

Phagocytosis

Artery with highest nitrogenous wastes.

Renal artery

Compound formed by Hb + CO₂.

Carbaminoheamoglobin

Substances released from eosinophils.

Antitoxins

Double-layered membrane covering heart.

Pericardium

Blood vessel without muscular layer in its wall.

Capillary

Blood vessel carrying blood from stomach/intestine to liver.

Hepatic portal vein

Cells initiating blood coagulation.

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Heart phase when blood is supplied to Aorta and Pulmonary artery.

Ventricular systole & Atrial diastole

Which blood groups can donate to AB?

A, B, O, AB

Assertion: Humans have open blood vascular system.

Reason: Blood is contained in the heart and openly flows all throughout the body via three kinds of blood vessels — arteries, veins and capillaries.

A is false, R is true

Human beings have a closed blood vascular system i.e., the blood circulates in the body through blood vessels.

Assertion: Wall of left ventricle thicker than right ventricle. Reason: Pumps to whole body.

Both A and R True

because the left ventricle has to generate more force to circulate blood throughout the entire body, whereas the right ventricle only pumps to the lungs.

Assertion. The respiratory pigment haemoglobin (Hb) is formed of RBCs and albumin.

Reason. Haemoglobin contains an iron-containing part called haemin. It is richly found in erythrocytes.

A is false, R is true

The respiratory pigment haemoglobin (Hb) is formed of globin protein and iron containing part called haemin.

Assertion: Lymphocytes are smallest WBCs producing antibodies. Reason: They contain granules & release histamine.

A is True and R is False.

Basophils contain granules in the cytoplasm and release histamine.

Assertion Thrombin is the inactive form of prothrombin which is produced during blood coagulation.

Reason Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin, is essential for the production of prothrombin.

A is False, R is true

Prothrombin is the inactive form of thrombin which is produced during an injury for the purpose of blood clotting.

Assertion. Blood group 'AB' does not contain any antibody but contains both the antigens 'A' and 'B'.

Reason. In humans, WBCs have specific proteins on their surfaces. These proteins are called antibodies.

A is true, R is false

In humans, RBCs have specific proteins on their surfaces. These proteins are called antigens.

Chief function of Blood platelets.

Blood coagulation

Chief function of Neutrophils.

Phagocytosis

Chief function of Erythrocytes.

Gas transport

Chief function of Lymphocytes.

Antibody production

Chief function of Bone marrow.

RBC/WBC production

Three components of circulatory system.

Heart, blood and blood vessels

Three kinds of blood cells.

erythrocytes, leukocyte and thrombocytes

Three kinds of blood vessels.

Arteries, veins and blood platelets

Three circulating fluids in human body.

Blood, tissue fluid and lymph

Three non-circulating fluids in human body.

Synovial fluid, Vitreous humour and Aqueous humour

Two lymphatic organs.

Spleen and tonsils

Two components of blood.

Plasma and cellular elements

Two kinds of circulatory systems in animals.

Closed Blood Circulation and open blood circulation.

Two components of haemoglobin.

Haemin (iron containing part) and globin protein

Two phases of circulation of blood in humans.

Atrial systole and Ventricular systole

A vein starting from one organ and ending in another organ.

Hepatic portal vein

Blood vessels with no muscular walls.

Capillaries

Artery carrying deoxygenated blood.

Pulmonary artery

Blood cells that squeeze out through capillary walls.

WBCs

Smallest common blood vessels formed by union of capillaries.

Venules

Blood vessels starting and ending in capillaries.

Portal vein

Phase when auricles contract.

Atrial systole

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle.

Tricuspid valve

Phase when ventricles fill with blood.

Atrial systole

Fluid found between membranes of heart.

Pericardial fluid

The blood vessel that begins and ends in capillaries.

Hepatic portal vein

A blood vessel with small lumen and thick wall.

Artery

The valve preventing backflow in veins/lymph vessels.

Pocket-shaped valve

An anticoagulant in blood.

Heparin

Lub : Atrio-ventricular valve :: Dup : ……………

Semilunar valves

Coronary artery : Heart :: Hepatic artery : ……………

Liver

RBCs : Polycythemia :: WBCs : ……………

Leukaemia

WBCs : Leukopenia :: RBCs : ……………

Erythropenia

Chest pain : Angina pectoris :: Heart attack : ……………

Myocardial infarction