Exam 1 Greek and Roman architecture

stone socle

A type of base or pedestal often used in classical architecture, typically made of stone, that supports a column or statue.

Mud brick

A building material made from a mixture of clay, water, and organic materials, formed into bricks and dried in the sun.

Middle Neolithic Sesklo

Dimini in image

Mainland Greece Tiryns Round Early Helladic II Building

possible defensive outer wall with rooms defending a house with tilled roofing

Early Cycladic Architecture: Kastri, Syros

Early Cycladic Architecture: Skarkos, Ios

red house could have been 3 separate houses

Troy: East Aegean in the Early Bronze Age

Middle Helladic Lerna: Domestic Architecture

Ashlar Masonry

A construction technique using finely cut and dressed stones fitted together without mortar, often employed in monumental buildings.

Half-Timbered

A building method that combines a frame of timber with wattle and daub or masonry infill, commonly used in medieval architecture.

Middle Helladic architecture

•Apsidal houses, made of mud brick with stone socles, are typical. •Settlements are not fortified.

Middle Cycladic

island

Faience plaques, show: Multiple stories, Windows, Flat roofs, Painted decoration on the exterior Attics, or possibly enclosures around staircases.

Minoan Palaces

complexes characterized by large, multi-storied structures with advanced architectural features, often serving as administrative and ceremonial centers in Minoan society.

Mari (Syria), “Royal Palace of Zimri-Lim,” late 18th century (Old Babylonian Period)

Knossos, Crete (Greece), “New Palace,” Middle Minoan III – Late Minoan I

LM I Building Model found at Archanes

lustral basins

were large, sunken areas used for ritual purification in Minoan palaces and religious sites, often associated with water and ceremonial practices.

Thera, Akrotiri, abandoned because of eruption but no one died unlike Pompeii

Tholos Tombs

Chamber Tomb

Plan of Citadel at Mycenae. phase 3 shows a staircase to get water while under siege

Lions gate at Mycenae defends against invasion by funneling enemy soldiers.

Tiryns palace had 2 underground cistern systems to retrieve water while under siege

Athens had a crevasse for water access

GLA professor excavated a part of this

Pylos

Laconia: Aghios Vassilios

Laconia: Menelaion, home of Helen and Menelaos. 3 successive “mansions” or small “palaces” have been identified at the site, built on top of each other, the earliest destroyed by an earthquake and the last by fire.

Kavousi-Kastro

refugee settlement on mountains 12th-7th c. BCE

Vrokastro “Refugee Settlement” 12th-7th c. BCE

Karphi, Crete c. 1050-950 BCE

early iron age

Dreros, Crete Geometric Age

Thermon: LH III apsidal building, 9th c. rectilinear building, and 7th century temple. Temple of Apollo

Apsidal and Doric styles mesh together. Doric pillars

Corinth, ca. 690-680 BCE. No pillars present

Isthmia, 690-650 BCE. Rope channels for hoisting up heavy stone blocks

Samos, ca. 650 BCE

Thermon, ca. 650-625.

Prinias, Crete, ca. 650-625

Doric Order

Ionic Order

used primarily for statues before used in great temples

Temple of Hera

Temple of Artemis, Corfu

Samos, Third Heraion “Rhoikos’ Temple” c. 570-560

Temple of Artemis, Ephesos “Croesus Temple” c. 560

Samos, Fourth Heraion “Polykrates’ Temple” c. 525. Ionic pillars

temple of zeus

Peisistratid Tyrants: Temple of Athena, Acropolis •Predecessor of Parthenon •Very little remains

Model of the Altar of the 12 Gods.

Herm, similar to those uses as distance markers for the Peisistratid Roadworks set up to connect to Athens the towns of Attica