Chapter 4 Study Guide

What demographic change is projected for the population over 65 years old until 2030?

An increase in the percentage of those over age 85 and a more racially and ethnically diverse population, with non-Whites being the majority by 2050.

What are IADLs and who is likely to need assistance with them?

IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) include preparing food, shopping, managing finances and medications, and using transportation. Those over 85 years old are likely to need assistance with these activities.

What are the two most common causes of functional impairment in the elderly?

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease.

What are basic activities of daily living (ADLs) affected by Alzheimer's disease?

Bathing, dressing, eating, and toileting.

What are the early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Dementia or a loss of memory and problem-solving ability.

What percentage of nursing home residents over age 85 have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease?

An estimated 75%.

What does Medicare Part A cover?

Hospital and short-term skilled nursing home care.

What is included in Medicare Part B?

Outpatient, home, and hospice care.

What is the purpose of Medicare Part C?

It is supplemental insurance that replaces Parts A and B.

What does Medicare Part D provide?

Medication insurance.

Who does Medicaid cover for long-term care?

Individuals who require assistance with ADLs and are either low-income and disabled or low-income and over 65 years of age.

What types of care does the federal government fund under the Social Security Act?

Skilled nursing and rehabilitation, intermediate care for people with intellectual disabilities, inpatient psychiatric services for individuals under age 21, and services for individuals age 65 or older in institutions for mental disease.

What is the role of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)?

They are responsible for nursing home standards.

What percentage of those requiring long-term care services were residents of nursing homes or residential care communities in 2016?

About two-thirds.

What services does home health care provide?

Medical care and personal care after an acute illness or surgery, along with medical, nursing, and therapy services.

What is the focus of hospice services?

Managing pain and other symptoms of dying, along with emotional, psychological, and spiritual support for patients and families.

What is the purpose of adult day care services?

To supplement home care services or provide a less costly alternative to nursing home care.

What does the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) do?

It coordinates Medicare and Medicaid services for eligible individuals aged 55 and older who need nursing home care but can live safely in the community.

What is the Aging Network?

A system that delivers services for those 60 years and older, veterans, and disabled persons under 60 years of age.

What services does a local senior center typically provide?

Nutrition, health and wellness, elder rights, caregiver support, transportation, and referrals for other services.

What is health literacy?

The ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Who is more likely to have low health literacy?

Individuals of lower socioeconomic status, those with low English proficiency, and older adults.

What future knowledge will health professionals need based on projected demographic changes?

Knowledge about cultural differences and the health conditions and needs of older adults.