Learning Theories: Observational, Classical, and Operant Conditioning

Observational Learning

The process where a learner actively watches a model's behavior and the resulting consequence.

Attention

The first process in observational learning where the learner must actively watch the model's behavior.

Retention

The process where the learner must store the observed behavior in memory for later use.

Reproduction

The ability of the learner to replicate the observed behavior, requiring both physical and cognitive capabilities.

Motivation

The desire of the learner to imitate the behavior based on the consequences of the model's behavior.

Reinforcement

The belief that the learner has the opportunity to receive a positive consequence or avoid punishment by repeating the behavior.

Example of Observational Learning

Learning to play soccer by watching an older brother, retaining a mental representation, and practicing to receive praise.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Learning

Multimodal approaches to learning that use a variety of methods, deeply embedded in relationships between concepts, learners, teachers, and Country.

8 Ways of Knowing

A framework outlining various methods of learning including story sharing, community links, and symbols and images.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an unconditioned stimulus.

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A stimulus that elicits no relevant response before conditioning.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without prior conditioning.

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

The natural response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after conditioning, elicits a conditioned response.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The learned response to a conditioned stimulus.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process where behavior is modified by its consequences, including reinforcement and punishment.

Antecedent

The event or condition that precedes a behavior in operant conditioning.

Positive Reinforcement

The addition of a desirable stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Negative Reinforcement

The removal of an undesirable stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Punishment

Any consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Positive Punishment

The addition of an undesirable stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Negative Punishment

The removal of a desirable stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.