Phonetics - Connected Speech

citation form

pronunciation of a word as a single, isolated item

casual form

speech sounds articulated clearly; however, we do not over-articulate sounds, decreasing the effort we expend producing speech

connected speech 

two or more continuous words joined together; phonetic identity often changes. 

assimilation 

phonemes take on the phonetic characteristics of neighboring sounds due to coarticulation

• Results in the production of an allophone or a completely different phoneme 

regressive assimilation

phoneme is modified due to a phoneme following it

right to left or anticipatory, assimilation

progressive assimilation

phoneme is modified due to a phoneme before it

left to right, or perseverative, assimilation

elision

omission of a phoneme during speech production

vowel reduction

often full weight of the vowel becomes reduced to the mid-central vowel schwa in connected speech 

lexical stress

the inherent stress pattern of a word ; how we pronounce a word

grammatical stress

one type of lexical stress the occurs when a change in a word’s stress pattern results in a word that means something different; determines word class

contrastive stress

the degree of emphasis a speaker places on a sound, syllable, or word depending on the speaker’s intent

morphonenmics

sound changes that results when morphemes are put together to make new words