complex lipids - phospholipids

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31 Terms

1
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glycerolipids

lipids based on glycerol backbone

2
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fatty acids are bonded to phosphate by which 3 bond types ?

ether, plasmalogen, acyl

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<p></p>

plasmalogen

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acyl

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fatty acids are names according to what bond ?

SN1

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amphipathic

having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region

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liposome

simplest formation of phospholipids - spherical bilayer with hydrophobic tails on inside

8
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how do phospholipid classes vary ?

head group, fatty acid composition, degree of saturation

9
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<p>this is the head group of what phospholipid class ?</p>

this is the head group of what phospholipid class ?

phosphatidylcholine

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phosphatidylethanolamine

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inositol

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glycerol

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serine

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phosphatidic acid

most simple FA
induce negative membrane curvature

<p>most simple FA <br>induce negative membrane curvature</p>
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phosphatidylinositol

found on inner mem

precursor for secondary messengers

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phosphatidylglycerol

additional glycerol moiety other side of phosphate

component of bacterial membranes

contributes to alveolar stability

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diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipan)

phosphate groups at 1st AND 3rd carbon where 2 glycerol lipids are attached

important for membrane structure and function in bacteria and mitochondria

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phosphatidylserine

found on internal cell mem

docking site for signalling proteins (eg. PKS activation)

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what phospholipid class are found in higher conc. in neuronal cells ?

PPS

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what lipid classes are the main components of cell membranes ?

PCs (outer) and PEs (inner)

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what 3 enzymes maintain the PC:PE ration across the membrane ?

flipase, floppase, scramblase

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what phospholipid class accounts for 15 - 25% of proteins in mammalian cells ?

PE (ethanolamine)

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phosphatidylethanolamine

lipid chaperones

precursors for GPI anchor proteins

supports oxidative phosphorylation

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LDL

low density lipoprotein

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ethanolamine

cannot be synthesised by body must be introduced via diet

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prions

misfolded proteins that cause same, other proteins to also misfold

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lipases

enzymes that cut phospholipids

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lipoxygenases (LOXs)

dioxygenases that catalyse formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and arachidonic acid

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hydroperoxides

oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids

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what phospholipases would result in the release of fatty acids ?

A1, A2 and B

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<p>what phospholipases cut at each site ?</p>

what phospholipases cut at each site ?

A2, A1, D, C