complex lipids - phospholipids

glycerolipids

lipids based on glycerol backbone

fatty acids are bonded to phosphate by which 3 bond types ?

ether, plasmalogen, acyl

plasmalogen

acyl

fatty acids are names according to what bond ?

SN1

amphipathic

having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region

liposome

simplest formation of phospholipids - spherical bilayer with hydrophobic tails on inside

how do phospholipid classes vary ?

head group, fatty acid composition, degree of saturation

this is the head group of what phospholipid class ?

phosphatidylcholine

phosphatidylethanolamine

inositol

glycerol

serine

phosphatidic acid

most simple FA
induce negative membrane curvature

phosphatidylinositol

found on inner mem

precursor for secondary messengers

phosphatidylglycerol

additional glycerol moiety other side of phosphate

component of bacterial membranes

contributes to alveolar stability

diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipan)

phosphate groups at 1st AND 3rd carbon where 2 glycerol lipids are attached

important for membrane structure and function in bacteria and mitochondria

phosphatidylserine

found on internal cell mem

docking site for signalling proteins (eg. PKS activation)

what phospholipid class are found in higher conc. in neuronal cells ?

PPS

what lipid classes are the main components of cell membranes ?

PCs (outer) and PEs (inner)

what 3 enzymes maintain the PC:PE ration across the membrane ?

flipase, floppase, scramblase

what phospholipid class accounts for 15 - 25% of proteins in mammalian cells ?

PE (ethanolamine)

phosphatidylethanolamine

lipid chaperones

precursors for GPI anchor proteins

supports oxidative phosphorylation

LDL

low density lipoprotein

ethanolamine

cannot be synthesised by body must be introduced via diet

prions

misfolded proteins that cause same, other proteins to also misfold

lipases

enzymes that cut phospholipids

lipoxygenases (LOXs)

dioxygenases that catalyse formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and arachidonic acid

hydroperoxides

oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids

what phospholipases would result in the release of fatty acids ?

A1, A2 and B

what phospholipases cut at each site ?

A2, A1, D, C