Enery Powerpoint Flashcards (AI Version)

What is energy?

Energy is the ability to do work.

What is work?

Work is done when a force (caused by energy) causes an object to move.

Formula for work

Work = Force x distance.

Definition of potential energy

Potential Energy is the energy of an object due to its position, shape, or condition.

Definition of kinetic energy

Kinetic Energy is the energy of an object due to the object’s motion.

Elastic potential energy

Energy stored in an object when it is compressed or stretched.

Example of chemical potential energy

Calories in food and energy stored in batteries.

How is gravitational potential energy calculated?

GPE = mass x gravity x height (PE = mgh).

What do books on a shelf have?

Gravitational Potential Energy.

What happens to potential energy when a book falls?

It is converted into kinetic energy of motion.

What is thermal energy?

All of the kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms.

What is specific heat capacity?

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1°C, measured in J/kg°C.

What happens to energy in the law of conservation of energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change from one form to another.

Formula for kinetic energy

KE = ½ * mass x velocity^2.

What is the effect of speed on kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy increases with the square of the speed.

What type of energy is associated with motion?

Kinetic energy.

What type of energy is associated with position?

Potential energy.

What is the unit of energy?

Joules (J).

What energy transformation occurs when an arrow is released from a bow?

Potential energy transforms into kinetic energy.

How is potential energy stored in a spring?

By changing its shape through applied work.

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

4200 J/kg°C.

Why does the water in a bathtub have more thermal energy than a cup of tea?

Because it has more water molecules.

What is gravitational potential energy dependent on?

Weight and height above the ground.

What is an example of elastic potential energy?

A bow and arrow or a compressed spring.

How do you calculate thermal energy?

Q = m c ΔT.

What happens during energy transformation?

Energy changes from one type to another while the total energy remains constant.

What type of energy is in motion regardless of work being done?

Kinetic energy.

Why might an egg fry in a newspaper?

Due to specific heat capacity and efficient heat transfer.

Why does an object have potential energy?

Because of its position, shape, or arrangement of atoms.

Which has higher potential energy: a book on a higher shelf or a lower shelf?

The book on the higher shelf.

What type of potential energy is in food?

Chemical potential energy.

What is the kinetic energy of a moving object dependent on?

Mass and the square of its speed.

What does KE stand for?

Kinetic Energy.

When is potential energy highest in a swinging motion?

At the highest point before swinging down.

What energy change occurs in a juggler's performance?

Kinetic and potential energy changes as objects move and are elevated.

What is the relationship between kinetic and potential energy during a swing?

They transform into each other as the swing moves up and down.

How does energy transfer occur when boiling water?

Through thermal conduction from the heat source to the water.

What is gravitational potential energy (GPE)?

The energy an object possesses due to its height above ground.

How can energy exist in varying forms?

Each form has unique characteristics and applications.

What two forms of energy are commonly compared?

Potential energy and kinetic energy.

What is a practical example of kinetic energy?

A moving car or a thrown ball.

Which object will have more gravitational potential energy, a person or a cell phone at the same height?

The person, due to greater mass.

What is the specific heat capacity of copper?

390 J/kg°C.

What happens to the temperature of materials with low specific heat capacity when heated?

They become hotter more quickly than those with high specific heat capacity.

What is the formula to convert temperature changes into energy?

Q = mcΔT.

To raise the temperature of 2 kg of water from 20°C to 30°C, what do you need to calculate?

The energy transferred using the specific heat capacity formula.

What type of potential energy includes energy found in food?

Chemical potential energy.

What causes thermal energy to vary in different substances?

The number of atoms and their motion.

What happens to elastic potential energy released from a stretched rubber band?

It converts into kinetic energy when released.