2.1 - Structure of RNA and DNA

what are the three components of nucleotides?

pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen containing base

what type of reaction is the joining of two nucleotides?

condensation reaction

what is the bond that joins two mono nucleotides?

phosphodiester bond

what are the four bases in RNA?

adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

what are the four bases in DNA?

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

what is the structure of RNA?

single polynucleotide chain, ribose backbone, short strand

what is the structure of DNA?

double helix structure, deoxyribose backbone, long strand

what is the monomer from which nucleic acid is made from?

nucleotide

what is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

role in protein synthesis

what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

role in protein synthesis

what is the role of the small interfering RNA (siRNA)?

regulation of gene expression

what is the role of ribosomal RNA?

structures of ribosomes

what join the two bases in DNA?

hydrogen bonds

why is the sugar phosphate backbone useful in DNA?

protects the chemically reactive bases

why is DNA being a large molecule aid its function?

can hold lots of data

why does the double helix aid DNA's function?

can separate during DNA replication

how does the stable structure aid DNA's function?

pass between generations without mutation

how does base pairing aid DNA's function?

can transfer information as mRNA