Forensics- Unit 1 Fundamentals of Forensic Vocabulary Mat

Forensic Science

The application of science to the law.

CSI Effect

The influence of media on how people think forensic science works.

Locard’s Principle

“Every contact leaves a trace”

Physical Evidence

Tangible objects that can help prove or disprove a fact in an investigation.

Testimonial Evidence

Oral or written statements given by witnesses.

Class Evidence

Evidence that links to a group rather than one specific source.

Individual Evidence

Evidence that can be linked to one unique source.

Chain of Custody

The documented record of who collected, handled, and stored evidence.

Means, Motive & Opportunity (MMO)

The ability, reason, and chance to commit a crime.

Search Warrent

A judge’s written permission to search a specific location based on probably cause.

Fourth Amendment

Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures

Fifth Amendment

Protects due process, against self-incrimination, and double jeopardy.

Frye Standard

“Scientific evidence must be generally accepted by experts to be admitted in court.”

Daubert Standard

“Judges determine whether scientific evidence is reliable and relevant before admitting it in court.”

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Federal agency that investigates major crimes and provides support to local police.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

federal agency responsible for enforcing drug laws.

Crime Scene Investigator (CSI)

Person who collects, documents, and preserves evidence at crime scenes.

Medical Examiner

A doctor who completes autopsies.

Coroner

An elected or appointed official who assigns a cause and manner of death on a death certificate.

Probative Value

The ability of evidence to help prove or disprove an important fact.

Expert Witness

A qualified specialist who provides scientific opinions and explains evidence in court.