Issues in von Neumann architecture
Data and programs share the same memory
A program may overwrite data with programming instructions if not written carefully
Program instructions may also be overwritten with data
Programs and data share the same bus = slower processing due to traffic
Word size for programs and data are the same
Harvard architecture
Harvard architecture uses two separate memory space for data and program
This means that Harvard architecture use a separate buses for each memory space
Programs and data can be processed simultaneously = better processing speed
No chance of overwritten data
Characteristics of program memory and data memory may be different
von Neumann architecture vs. Harvard architecture
Modern Computer Architecture
Both types of architecture are used in modern computers.
The main memory follows the von Neumann architecture
Whereas, the cache memory follows the Harvard architecture
Advanced digital signal processors provide multiple buses for data transmission with separate buses for read and write operations.