Sensation & Perception : Depth Perception (WIP)

Monocular Cues

Depth perception with one eye

Accommodation

Oculomotor Cue

• Lens shape changes

Flattened Accommodation

Far object (3m max)

Curved Accommodation

Close object (20cm maximum)

Pictorial Cues

See depth in painting, photograph, and other 2D images

Overlap

Near object blocks the view of further object

• Occluded portion is visually filled

______ distance → smaller retinal image size

Farther

_____ to the horizon → looks farther away

Closer

Linear Perspectives

Physical parallel lines in the real world appears to converge into “vanishing point”

______ → more blurring

Farther

______ wavelength are scattered more, so very distant object looks slightly ____ and _____ distinct.

Shorter, bluer, less

Atmospheric Perspectives

Mountains in Wyoming look closer than actual distance

Relative Brightness : _____ → closer

Brighter

Shadow : Surfacing facing light → _____

Brighter darker

T/F : In regards to shadows, light comes from above.

True

Texture Gradients

Linear Perspective + Relative Size = _______

Distant

more _____ parts → smaller elements and more densely packed

texture

Change in _____ → Change in the direction or distance

Motion Parallax

When the observer is in motion, direction and speed of the motion of object depends on the object distance

_____ than the fixation point → same direction

_____ → opposite direction

_____ → slower

Farther

Deletion

Object moves backwards in relation to the background

Accretion

Object moves forward in relation to background

Binocular Depth Perception

Depth perception with 2 eyes

• 30% faster

Convergence

Converging angle of 2 eyes will be larger with closer object (closed)

• Physiological cue

Binocular Disparity

Differences of the images from 2 eyes

Corresponding Points

Retinal images on each eye connect to the same part of visual cortex to create a unified perception of depth.

Uncorresponding Points

Retinal images to the different part of the cortex creating a perception of depth that does not match between the two eyes.

Horopter

Imaginary curve that pass the fixation point and corresponding points

Crossed Disparity

Images move out to the sides of the retinas

Uncrossed Disparity

Images move inward on the retinas