Development Through the Life Span: Key Terms

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary from the lecture on human development.

Developmental Psychology

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

Nature vs. Nurture

Debate over which is more important in influencing development.

Continuity vs. Stages

Discussion of whether development is gradual or occurs in distinct stages.

Zygote

The fertilized cell formed from the union of sperm and egg.

Fetus

The developing human after the embryonic stage, typically from nine weeks after conception.

Prenatal Development

Stages of development leading up to birth; includes zygote, embryo, and fetus stages.

Neurons

Cells in the nervous system that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.

Cognition

Mental activities such as problem-solving, understanding language, and storing knowledge.

Jean Piaget

A psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development in children.

Lev Vygotsky

A psychologist who emphasized the role of social interaction in cognitive development.

Attachment

An emotional tie to another person, often seen in relationships between children and caregivers.

Authoritarian Parenting

A style of parenting characterized by high demands and low responsiveness.

Permissive Parenting

A style of parenting marked by low demands and high responsiveness.

Authoritative Parenting

A balanced parenting style with high demands and high responsiveness.

Puberty

The time of sexual maturation when individuals become capable of reproduction.

Erik Erikson

A psychologist known for his stages of psychosocial development throughout the life span.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The psychosocial task of infancy, where trust is developed through reliable care.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The psychosocial task of toddlerhood focused on self-control and independence.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The psychosocial challenge of adolescence where individuals explore and solidify their identity.

Integrity vs. Despair

The psychosocial stage of late adulthood where a reflection on life leads to satisfaction or regret.