Chapter 4: Section 1

absolutism

unlimited power with the monarch

monarch’s have

Absolute power

divine right

power to rule comes directly from God, responsible to gonna not the people

age of absolutism

used to have greater efficiency and control, unify a nation

hapsburgs

the most powerful family at the time

king Charles V

about to retire, split his land between son and brother, thought it was too much for one person

Ferdinand

Charles V’s brother, got central Europe and holy roman empire

Philip

Charels V’s son, got Netherlands, southern Italy, spain, and it’s overseas empires

king Philip II

Most powerful spanish monarch ever, thought protestants were his enemy, wanted to increase the power to his family, involved in many conflicts, responded personally to documents written to him, bloody mary’s husband

prudent king

king philip II’s nickname

el escorial

the palace king Philip II built in a new capital city madrid

madrid

a new capital city

fernidand of aragon

married Isabella of Castile, always a source of conflict

isabella of castile

married ferdinand of Aragon, became the more dominant population

marranos

jews forced to convert to christianity

moriscos

muslims forced to convert to christianity

spanish inquisition

brutal, rituals, torture, executions, philip supported this

battle of lepanto

naval, philip II tried to make Netherlands convert to christianity, dutch rebeled, long bloody conflict, dutch anounced independence, English stepped in to help

sea dogs

english navy was disrupting spanish shipping with these boats

the Spanish armada

philip made these when invading england,

crescent formation

a naval tactic to surround your enemies ships

fire ships

ships on fire sent towards enemy ships hoping they also catch on fire

north sea

where the spanish reconvened after getting beat by the english

siglo do oro

golden century, 1550-1650

miguel do cervantes

wrote don quixote(the crazy guy)

don quixote

landowner who imagines he’s a knight called upon to reform heroic deeds

inflation

dramatic increases in prices