Chapter 8 - Acids, Bases, and pH

Amphoteric

: a substance that can act as a proton donor in one reaction and a base in another.

OH−

A base is a substance that dissociates in water to form .

PH

exponential of hydrogen /hydronium ions, in moles per litre.

Acid

is a substance a proton can be removed (proton- donors)

Indicators

can be used to find endpoints close to the equivalence point.

Oxoacids

: number of oxygen atoms by two or more.

Monoprotic acids

: single hydrogen atoms that dissociate in water.

Polyprotic acids

: more than one hydrogen atom that dissociates.

POH

: power of hydroxide ions of a solution from the [OH−]

Buffer solution

: a solution that contains a weak acid /conjugate base mixture or a weak base /conjugate acid mixture made by: Using weak acid and its salting weak base and its salt Characteristics: Unchanging pHBuffer capacity: the amount of acid or base that can be added before the considerable change occurs to the pH Chapter 8.4: Acid- Base Titration Curves.

Hydrohalic acids

: (HCl, HBr,) have hydrogen- bonded to atoms.

Acid dissociation constant

, Ka: acid ionization constant, measures the strength of the acid.

Equivalence point

: point in a titration when the acid and base that are present completely react with each other.