APUSH CHAPS 2-7 REVIEW!!!

Shay's Rebellion

Rebellion of citizens against debt crises after the American revolution Significance?: Served as a major beginning for opposition of the Articles of Confederation and belief of the articles being weak

Whiskey Rebellion

What is it?: Revolt caused by the people over a "whisky tax" or the first ever tax to be created by the newly established federal government Significance?: First test against federal authority of the US, enforced idea that new government has the right to pass laws that impacted all states

Constitutional Convention

A discussion revise the Articles of Confederation and debate prominent topics of discussion at the time Significance?: allowed for the formation of the United States Constitution to be built and serve as a governmental foundation

Bacon's rebellion

A rebellion caused by the backcountry citizens who were disregarded by the government and left to bear Native border threats despite attempts at forming peace (through governor making a deal) Significance: Established a divergence between wealthy and poor citizens within society, peace is not always obtainable, natives were not always peaceful

Pontiac's Rebellion

Rebellion led by Pontiac to combat British colonists after expanding into Native territory after the French and Indian War. Significance?: Allowed for British to reevaluate their Native affairs and enforce boundaries between both lands.

Yorktown

Washington's American forces defeat Lord Charles Cornwallis's army, causing for peace negotiations to end the war Significance?: Allowed for a beginning of American dependance and ended the Revolutionary War

Marbury V Madison

Court ruled that congress exceeded authority and established the equal structure of the judicial and legislative branches Significance?: Established judicial review and authority, creating equal structure of the legislative and judicial branches.

Common Sense (Paine)

What is it?: Spread major Patriotic ideas, made it seem like common knowledge to persuade such ideologies Significance: Allowed for spread of Patriotic ideas and ideas of independence from British rule

Declaration of Independence

Document delivered to British king to declare separation from British rule on behalf of freedom from tyranny Significance:Allowed for Americans to combat their oppression and establish early foundations for what will become of America

Enlightenment Ideals

What is it?: Ideas spread to separate religion from logical ideas like government, liberty, and individual rights. Significance:Allowed for a further separation from reasoning and faith, further allowing society to combat past authority and enter a new.

Article of Confederation

What is it?: A general instillation of a central American government/national authority but was unable to raise funds, regulate trade, and conduct foreign policies without the state agreement Significance?: Served as the first framework for a central government of the United States, but was ultimately weak and led to major controversy and dispute.

Sugar Act

Tax imposed to eliminate illegal sugar trade between colonies, French, Spanish, and West Indies

Stamp Act

Tax exposure in Colonial documents (licenses, newspapers, pamphlets) Significance?: Led to colonist opposition of the tax by elite class members and led to burdensome feelings from British desire to increase revenue over commerce

Townshend Act

The levied new taxes on various goods imported to the colonies Significance?: Viewed as an assault on liberty and an advocation of differentiation between external and internal taxation

Intolerable Acts

A series of four laws passed by British to punish the Massachusetts Bay Colony after the Boston Tea Party Significance?: Further enforcing strict rules onto the colonists for rebellion, further implementing ideas of tyranny.

The Great Compromise

What is it?: Determined that there would be two houses within the legislative branch, proportional representation in the one/equal representation in the other house. Significance?: Allowed for ratification of the Constitution of both small and larger states

First Great Awakening

What is it?: An upsurge in religious prosperity made to combat the prior religious skepticism Significance?: Allowed for colonists to repair relations with God and increase piety, further combating old order of the past

Mayflower Compact

What is it?: an agreement that allowed pilgrims to obey the government and legal system of the Plymouth colony Significance?: Established civil government and pledged allegiance to the king

Halfway Covenant

What is it?: Allowed for children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and become church members with poltical rights Significance?: instilled the influence of church within the government, granting those with church membership much authority

⅗ Compromise

Granted slaves to have the ability of representation and taxation regarding population, but have three out of 5 slaves were counted in the states total population Significance?: Allowed for a slight favoritism towards southern states regarding electoral authority ,Represents reaching a consensus whe determining governmental negotiations

Fugitive Slave Act

Required that slaves must be returned to their owners, despite being in a free stateSignificance?: Formulated a deeper divide between the North and South in idealogy

National Bank

A proposal addressed by Hamilton to provide the federal government more authority regarding overwhelming debts and uncertain commercial futuresSignificance?: Further implementing ideas of the federal government taking on issues with commerce and debts. Would benefit American through uniform currency, stimulating business and industry through credit extension and lend the government money and safely defend the deposits

Proclamation of 1763

An act delivered by the British to prohibit settlement westward of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce disputes with the Natives

Navigation Acts

These acts called for:Regulation of trade in colonial US, British trade should be carried out in British ships. All European goods that were sent to ay of the colonies had to go through England prior to check foreign important for paying taxes on goods Significance?: Restricted British trade with other nations, trying to be more self sufficient

Middle Passage

The passage taken by slaves during the Triangular trade

Primogeniture

The legal principle that the oldest son would inherit all family property/land Significance?: Kept family wealth and formulate familial dynamics

Olive Branch Petition

A petition made to the British King to prevent war from occurring and establish a peaceful way of settlement Significance: Attempt at appeasing British government and discuss a consensus between colonies and British government on issues (did not work)

Impressment

The British recruitment of American merchants on ships to force into military/naval forces without consent Significance?: A further escalation in tensions between British and Americans

Embargo Act

Act that prevented Americans from leaving foreign ports and forbade French and British entry Significance?: Allowed for a restriction of trade and resulted in widespread illegal trades

Louisiana Purchase

The purchase of Louisiana and western lands from the French Significance?: Allowed for westward expansion of land, as well as growth of agriculture in more Western lands

X,Y,Z Affair

A codename for a diplomatic issue between the US and the French leading to the Quasi War Significance?: The dispute had major negative impacts on trade for both nations, further destroying their economies. Many in the US also began to resent the French

First Continental Congress

A unification of colonies through a shared threat, established agreements (most important thing to continue meeting) SIgnificance?: Advocated for the creation of a first continued government for the US

Democratic Republicans

Believed in: Individual liberties/humanitarian concerns, State rights, Agrarianism interests

Federalists

believed inFederal rights/centralization of government, Higher representation of states with larger populations , Industrialism, Modernism

Anti-Federalists -

Believed in Defenders of true American rebellion, Believed centralized government would be tyrannical → smaller local governments would protect rights better

Headright system

A land grant for 50 acres of land given to new settlers and 100 acres to be given to settlers prior to the system establishment Significance?: Encouraged families to migrate together

Sons of Liberty

Group formed in response to the Stamp Act, mainly made upon tradesmen and merchants that disfavored British taxes

Boston Tea Party

Event where Patriots dressed as Natives and threw tea into the harbor Significance?: Strong ideas of rebellion against British tyranny

Boston Massacre

Nine British soldiers shot at colonists, however, there werre many different perspectives on the issue Significance?: resembled major political tensions between British and colonists

John Smith

Captain of Jamestown settlement

Puritans

People of strict belief of the Bible, using it as a guide for life, Developed ideas of free education and religious freedom of America

Alexander Hamilton

Proposed ideas of a national bank to organize debts, commerce, and strengthen central government ,First Secretary of the treasury in US, Organized national debt, tax systems, US monetary systems, and CustomsService

George Washington

First president of the United States,Led Continental Army to victory,Aided in formulating US constitution,John Adams,Second US president, aided in defending America from war with French,\

Thomas Jefferson

Third president of the United States, Primary author of the Declaration of Independence , American founding father,

Iroquois Confederacy

A group of Native tribes that served a strategic roles in interactions between French and British powers in the French and Indian War

Anne Hutchinson

Believed that church members of the clergy were not apart of the elect to be of spiritual office, Advocated for women's inclusion in Puritan society

Quakers

Rejected ideas of Predestination and original sin, pacifists, guaranteed women a position = to men in church, no church government

George Grenville

British prime minister, Ordered the installment of Navigation Laws, Sugar Act, and Stamp Act, which aided in American revolution

John Winthrop

Puritan leader of New England in Massachusetts Bay Colony
Provided a frame for a society everyone looks upon (City Upon a Hill)

Johnathan Edwards

Extremely important pastor in the Great Awakening
Terrified listeners into faith
Laid groundwork for American causes and American evangelicalism