anti-hypertension drugs

Ace inhibitor

• -pril

Blocks conversion of angiotensin one into angiotensin II. NA and H2O excretion and K retention

• ADRs: severe hypotension, angioedema, rash, persistent dry cough.

• Contraindications: Angioedma/ACE allergies, hypotension, liver disease, pregnancy.

• Nurse implications: asses BP, PULSE, potassium lvls for hyperkalemia, avoid high sodium and salt foods, face swelling, difficulty breathing

ARBs

• - Sartan

• Blocks angiotensin 2 receptors & increase blood supply & O2 to heart

• ADRs: hepatic impairment, angioedema, Hypotension, hyperkalemia, CNS a.k.a. dizziness headache in insomnia.

• Contraindication: Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment, mood disturbances, angioedema/allergy.

• Nurse implications: Monitor BP and herbal supplement interactions, electrolyte imbalances, avoid high potassium in salt foods.

CCB calcium channel blocker

• - ipine

• Blocks calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle and causes peripheral vasodilation.

• ADRS: dizziness, palpitations, swelling, hypotension, hyperglycemia, ginger hyperplasia.

• Contraindication: Nifedipine allergy, hypotension, history of heart, failure, renal or liver impairment, use cautiously in older adults.

• Nurse implications: Monitor for drug interactions, including herbal supplements, such as St. John’s wart avoid grapefruit juice take with food to avoid G.I. upset.

BB Beta blocker

• -oprolol

• Blocks Beta one receptors results and decreased heart rate, contractility and slows conduction

• ADRS: bradycardia, heart, failure, postural, hypotension, rebound, hypertension, Hypoglycemia.

• Contraindications: Asthma or COPD, severe or moderate heart failure, diabetics.

• Nurse and implications: assess blood pressure and pulse to not administer if heart rate is less than 60 BPM, Report sexual dysfunction or constipation.

HCTZ THIAZIDE DIURETICS

• - Thiazide

• ADR’s: Hypokalemia, fatigue, hypotension, dizziness, hyperglycemia.

• Contraindication: Renal failure and caution with diabetes

• Nurse Implications: assess BP, pulse, electrolyte imbalances, Urine output. Take early morning, report, weight loss or gain, High potassium foods

• Direct acting vasodilators

• - lazine

• Directly vasodilates arterioles causing decreased BP

• ADR’s: Headache, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, reflex tachycardia.

• Contraindications: Stroke, renal or hepatic disease.

• Nurse implications: assess drug and herbal supplements nitrates can cause hypotension monitor BP and do not administer if systolic BP is less than 90 PT should get up slow first couple of days and do not take a erectile dysfunction meds because it’s a nitrate.