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Chauvet, Lascaux, Altamira
Locations where ancient paintings have been discovered.
Willendorf Venus
A prehistoric statuette discovered in Austria.
Megalith
A large stone used in the construction of ancient structures like Stonehenge.
Cromlech
A category of megalithic structures, including Stonehenge.
Sin
The moon god considered the resident god at Ur.
Babylonian army
Credited with capturing Jerusalem and deporting many Hebrews.
Narmer
Ancient Egyptian leader who unified Upper and Lower Egypt around 3000 B.C.E.
Amarna style
A new art style developed during the rule of Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten.
Pi
A jade disc featuring a dragon and phoenix.
Thera
A place known for elaborately decorated homes and advanced sewage systems.
Bull
Symbolizes male virility and strength in Crete.
Pasiphae
Legendary Minoan queen who gave birth to the Minotaur.
Penelope
Wife of Odysseus in Greek mythology.
Acropolis
Translates to 'top of the city'; the religious center of an ancient Greek city-state.
Agora
A public meeting place and marketplace in an ancient Greek city-state.
Entasis
The architectural term for the swell and taper of columns.
Demes
Small local areas in the Athenian political system comparable to precincts.
Metope
Panels on the Parthenon depicting battles between Greeks and various enemies.
Marcus Junius Brutus
One of the assassins of Gaius Julius Caesar.
Imagines
Wax death masks used to create realistic portrait busts.
Augustus of Primaporta
Sculpture depicting Cupid riding a dolphin.
Ovid
Writings condemned by Augustus, resulting in Ovid's banishment from Rome.
Georgics
Literary works celebrating Augustus's gift of farmlands to veterans.
Colosseum
An amphitheater in Rome with three different architectural orders.
Pantheon
Contains an oculus conceived as the 'Eye of Jupiter'.
Patricians
Land-owning aristocrats in ancient Rome.
Plebeians
The poorer class in ancient Rome, including craftspeople and merchants.
Wergild
The value placed on a person's life in Anglo-Saxon law.
Beowulf
An epic poem about a Scandinavian warrior combating monsters.
Augustine
Credited with building key churches in England, including St. Paul’s.
Bishop Eadfrith
Designed the Lindisfarne Gospels.
Roland's horn
Made from ivory sourced from an elephant's tusk.
Refectory
The dining hall where monks ate.
Barrel vault
An elongated arched structure shaped like a half cylinder.
Voussoir
Wedge-shaped stones that form an arch in Romanesque architecture.
Chartres
Center of the Virgin cult during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Mary's tunic
The most cherished relic at Chartres Cathedral.
Stained-glass programs
Crafted to illustrate biblical stories in Gothic cathedrals.
Tree of Jesse
A stained-glass window showing Christ's genealogy at Chartres.
Flying buttress
Designed to support church walls and allow larger windows.
Saint Theodore
Figure on the jamb of Chartres’ south transept portal, depicted in contrapposto.
grammar, rhetoric, dialectic
The three foundational subjects of medieval education Trivium:
Bologna
The first city to establish a university, known for law studies.
Latin in education
Mandatory for all first-year studies in medieval educational systems.
Robert de Sorbon
Significant in organizing theology students in Paris.
Peter Abelard
Logician known for the dialectical method who authored 'Sic et Non'.
Trotula
Recognized for authoring 'On the Diseases of Women'.
Thomas Aquinas
Wrote the 'Summa Theologiae' and was a leading figure in Scholasticism.
Sainte-Chapelle
A Gothic church featuring the highest glass-to-stone ratio.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Known for painting the fresco 'Allegory of Good Government'.
