#1 Lipids

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Lipids fc

Last updated 12:34 AM on 7/31/26
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14 Terms

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What are lipids?

Small water insoluble molecule (soluble in organic solvents), often amphipathic but mostly hydrophobic. General contain sterols, fatty acyl, or isoprenoid moioties.

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What are the 7 major lipid groups?

Fatty acids (FAs), Triacylglycerols (TAGs), Glycerophospholipids, Shingolipids, Cholesterols, Waxes, and Eicosanoids

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Fatty Acids

Carboxylic acids w/ long hydrocarbon chain that can be saturated (no db) or unsaturated (yes db), carboxyl group deprotonated under physiological conditions

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FA simple numbering

Count Cs starting from carb acid C, db indicated by carbon closest to carb acid

<p>Count Cs starting from carb acid C, db indicated by carbon closest to carb acid </p>
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FA greek letters

Second C is alpha, then beta and etc. Last C is always omega, db indicated by counting from omega C

<p>Second C is alpha, then beta and etc. Last C is always omega, db indicated by counting from omega C </p>
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FA melting points

Increasing chain lengths means higher MP due to more van der waals

More db means lower melting point due to db causing bends in chain disrupting FA packing

<p>Increasing chain lengths means higher MP due to more van der waals </p><p>More db means lower melting point due to db causing bends in chain disrupting FA packing</p>
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Cis vs Trans FA

Almost ALL unsaturated FA are in cis orientation, small amount of trans FA in dairy and meat. Trans FA used to be found in food until 2018

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Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

TAGs are glycerols that have fatty acid chains attached to each of their hydroxyl groups, body usually stores FAs as TAGs

<p>TAGs are glycerols that have fatty acid chains attached to each of their hydroxyl groups, body usually stores FAs as TAGs</p>
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Why are tags the main energy form in animals?

FA are almost completed reduced and contain more energy than glycogen

TAGs are VERY hydrophobic, don’t need water for storage and can store more

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Glycerophospholipids

Similar to TAGs with glycerol backbone but C3 is linked by phosphodiester bond which links to different head groups. FAs can also vary and molecule can have different properties based on attachments

<p>Similar to TAGs with glycerol backbone but C3 is linked by phosphodiester bond which links to different head groups. FAs can also vary and molecule can have different properties based on attachments </p>
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Sphingolipids

Have sphigosine as a base, attached to FA tail (via amide bond) and head group (via OH)

<p>Have sphigosine as a base, attached to FA tail (via amide bond) and head group (via OH) </p>
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Cholesterol/sterols

Have steroid core (4 closed rings), fairly planar and rigid structure, amphipathic. Steroid + alcohol = sterol

<p>Have steroid core (4 closed rings), fairly planar and rigid structure, amphipathic. Steroid + alcohol = sterol </p>
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Waxes

Like FAs but have long chained alcohol attached, non-polar and hydrophobic. Have high melting points, great fuel sources

<p>Like FAs but have long chained alcohol attached, non-polar and hydrophobic. Have high melting points, great fuel sources </p>
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Eicosanoids

Contains 20 carbons, derived from phospholipids containing an arachidonyl acyl chain. Usually act as paracrime hormones (short range signal)