emotion, behaviorism and social cognitive theories

7.3, 7.7

emotion

a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience

James-Lange Theory

emotion-arousing stimuli → physiological response → awareness → experience of emotion

Cannon-Bard theory

emotion-arousing stimulus → triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion at the same time
aka thalamic theory

two-factor theory

physically aroused + cognitively label the arousal → experience emotion

LeDoux theory

some embodied responses happen instantly, without conscious appraisal
eg. we automatically feel startled by a sound in the forest before labeling it as a threat

lazarus

cognitive appraisal (sometimes without our awareness ) define emotion

Paul Ekman

universal emotions (all cultures)
identified every muscle in the human face and then every possible combination of facial muscles

facial feedback hypothesis

facial movement and expressions can influence attitude and emotional experience

display rule

a social group or culture's informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions
individualist cultures often express their emotions more, in speech & body
all cultures exhibit the worldwide smiles, frowns, & angry faces of humanity

operant conditioning theory

the environment shapes who we come and who we become is determined by the contingencies of reinforcement we have experienced
by B.F Skinner: behavior is personality

social cognitive theory

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits (inc. their thinking) and their social context
by Albert Bandura

reciprocal determinism

the characteristics of the person, the person’s behavior, and the environment all affect one another in a two-way causal relationships

locus of control

the degree to which we expect that a reinforcement or outcome of our behavior is contingent on:
our own behavior or personal characteristics vs. fate, unpredictable, other people

internal locus of control

think they control and are responsible for what happens to them 

external locus of control

believe what happens is due to fate, luck, or others