Topic 1: Classification & Characteristics of Living Organisms

Define sensibility.

The ability of detect and respond to the changes in an environment.

Define respiration.

A process by which living organisms release energy stored in food.

Define movement.

The action by a living organism to change one position of a part or the whole organism.

Define growth.

A permanent increase in size and dry mass, seen in all organisms as they produce new cells.

Define development.

Increase in the complexity of a cell or organism.

Define reproduction.

The process that makes more of the same organism/species.

Define excretion.

The process of removing waste products and excess substances, like extra water, from the organism.

Define nutrition.

The process by which living organisms make or take in food substances need for energy, growth, and development.

Why do we classify organisms?

- To easily identify and distinguish them.
- To easily discover their origins.
- To classify/ identify new organisms based on features they exhibit.

Define species.

A group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

In what two groups are animals classified in?

Veterbrates & Inverterbrates

Define Veterbrates.

Organisms with a backbone.

Define Inverterbrates.

Organisms without a backbone.

State some examples of invertebrates.

Arthropods

State some examples of vertebrates.

Fish, frogs, birds, reptiles, mammals.

State the 5 Kingdoms.

The main kingdoms are animal, plant, bacteria, fungi, and protoctist.

What are the characteristics of a fish?

• Scales

• Gills for Gas Exchange

• Cold Blooded

• Fins

What are the characteristics of a frog?

- Smooth, moist skin
- Scales on their body
- Soft eggs
- Live on land (adult stage) and water ( early stage).

- Gills for Gas Exchange

- Cold Blooded

- Fins

What are the characteristics of a reptile?

- Dry, scaly skin.
- Internal fertilization
- Lay eggs with a rubbery shell

ex. Lizard, Crocodiles, Snake

What are the characteristics of a bird?

Scales on their legs, beaks, fore limbs that develops into wings, and eggs with hard shells.

What are the characteristics of a mammal?

- Fur/hair on skin
- Internal fertilization
- Births young
- Feed on mom's milk through mammary glands.

ex. Lions, fogs, tigers, bears

State some examples of invertebrates (athropods) ?

Myriapods, Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans

What are the characteristics of an insect?

- 2 pairs of legs
- 3 body parts: Head, abodemn, thorax
- 3 pairs of jointed legs
- breathe through the trachea

eg. fly, ants, grasshopper, butterfly

What are the characteristics of a crustacean?

- 2 pairs of antennae
- Gills
- 4+ pairs of legs
- 2 body parts: head & cepholothorax

eg. crab, lobster, wood, and lice

What are the characteristics of arachnids?

- 2 body parts: head and cephalothorax
- 4 pairs of jointed legs

- No antennae

eg. spiders, scropion, ticks

What are the characteristics of myriapods?

- 1 pair of antennae
- Many body segments
- 10+ pairs of legs

eg. centipede & milipedes

What are some examples of non-flowering plants?

Mosses & Ferns

What are some examples of flowering plants?

Monocots & Dicots

What are some characteristics of ferns?

- They don't produce flowers or seeds
- Reproduce through spores

- They have leaves called fronds.

How many cotyledons (seed plants) do monocots have?

One

How many cotyledons (seed plants) do dicots have?

Two

What are some characteristics of monocots?

Fibrous/Branched Roots and parallel veins on their leaves.

How many petals do dicots have?

Multiples of 4 or 5

What is one example of dicots?

Hibiscus

What is one example of monocots?

Iris Flower

What are some characteristics of viruses?

• Smaller than bacteria

• Unicellular

• No nucleus & No DNA

• They are surrounded by a protein coat called lapsid.

• No cell wall

• No specific cellular structure

• Not true living organisms

What are the characteristics of animal?

- Multicellular (cells that have ancestors)
- No Cell Wall/Chloroplasts

-Feed on Organic Material

What are the characteristics of a plant?

- Multicellular
- Make Food through photosynthesis
- Cellulite Cell Wall

What are the characteristics of fungi?

- Multicellular Organisms
- Cells have one nucleus (Nuclei)
- Cell Wall Made of Chitin
- saprophytes (feed off of decaying organic material)

What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?

- Unicellular Bacteria (Single Celled)
- No nucleus or mitochondria
- Has circular DNA called Plasmids

- Have Cell walls

What are the characteristics of protocksts?

- Unicellular or Multicellular Organisms
- Have Nucleus & Some have a chloroplast
- Produce food through Photosynthesis
- Feed on organic material

What is one example of RNA viruses?

HIV

What is one example of DNA viruses?

Influenza/Flu

What are some characteristics of bacteria?

• Unicellular

• No Nucleus

• Cell made up of Peptidoglycan

• No Mitochondria

• Has circular DNA called Plasmid

What are some characteristics of athropods?

• Exoskeleton

• Several legs - 3 or more than 100

What are the characteristics of insects?

• 3 pairs of legs

• 2 pairs of wings

• 3 body parts: head, thorax, abdoemn

• Breathe through the trachea

• One pair of antennae

ex. bees, ants, flys

What are some characteristics of monocots?

• Parallel veins

• One cotyledon

• Petals in multiples of 3

• Vascular Bundles In the stem; arranged randomly

What are the characteristics of dicots?

• Network of veins on a leaf

• Two cotyledons

• Petals in multiples of four of five

• Vascular Bundles In the stem; arranged in a ring