Topic 1: Classification & Characteristics of Living Organisms

Define sensibility.

The ability of detect and respond to the changes in an environment.

Define respiration.

A process by which living organisms release energy stored in food.

Define movement.

The action by a living organism to change one position of a part or the whole organism.

Define growth.

A permanent increase in size and dry mass, seen in all organisms as they produce new cells.

Define development.

Increase in the complexity of a cell or organism.

Define reproduction.

The process that makes more of the same organism/species.

Define excretion.

The process of removing waste products and excess substances, like extra water, from the organism.

Define nutrition.

The process by which living organisms make or take in food substances need for energy, growth, and development.

Why do we classify organisms?

- To easily identify and distinguish them.
- To easily discover their origins.
- To classify/ identify new organisms based on features they exhibit.

Define species.

A group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

In what two groups are animals classified in?

Veterbrates & Inverterbrates

Define Veterbrates.

Organisms with a backbone.

Define Inverterbrates.

Organisms without a backbone.

State some examples of invertebrates.

Arthropods

State some examples of vertebrates.

Fish, frogs, birds, reptiles, mammals.

State the 5 Kingdoms.

The main kingdoms are animal, plant, bacteria, fungi, and protoctist.

What are the characteristics of a fish?

They have scales and fins, gills for Gas Exchange, and they’re Cold Blooded.

What are the characteristics of a frog?

They have smooth, moist skin, scales on their body, they lay soft eggs, they live on land (adult stage) and water ( early stage), they have gills for Gas Exchange, are cold blooded, and have fins.

What are the characteristics of a reptile?

They have dry, scaly skin, internal fertilization, and lay eggs with a rubbery shell.

ex. Lizard, Crocodiles, Snake

What are the characteristics of a bird?

Scales on their legs, beaks, fore limbs that develops into wings, and eggs with hard shells.

What are the characteristics of a mammal?

They have fur/hair on their skin, internal fertilization, births young, and feed on mom's milk through mammary glands.

ex. Lions, fogs, tigers, bears

State some examples of invertebrates (athropods) ?

Myriapods, Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans

What are the characteristics of an insect?

They have 2 pairs of legs, 3 body parts: Head, abodemn, thorax, 3 pairs of jointed legs, and breathe through the trachea.

eg. fly, ants, grasshopper, butterfly

What are the characteristics of a crustacean?

They have 2 pairs of antennae, gills, 4+ pairs of legs, and 2 body parts: head & cepholothorax.

eg. crab, lobster, wood, and lice

What are the characteristics of arachnids?

They have 2 body parts: head and cephalothorax, 4 pairs of jointed legs, and no antennae.

eg. spiders, scropion, ticks

What are the characteristics of myriapods?

They have 1 pair of antennae, many body segments, and 10+ pairs of legs.

eg. centipede & milipedes

What are some examples of non-flowering plants?

Mosses & Ferns

What are some examples of flowering plants?

Monocots & Dicots

What are some characteristics of ferns?

They don't produce flowers or seeds, they reproduce through spores, and have leaves called fronds.

How many cotyledons (seed plants) do monocots have?

One

How many cotyledons (seed plants) do dicots have?

Two

What are some characteristics of monocots?

Fibrous/Branched Roots and parallel veins on their leaves.

How many petals do dicots have?

Multiples of 4 or 5

What is one example of dicots?

Hibiscus

What is one example of monocots?

Iris Flower

What are some characteristics of viruses?

They are smaller than bacteria, unicellular, no nucleus & no DNA, they are surrounded by a protein coat called lapsid, no cell wall, no specific cellular structure, and they are not true living organisms

What are the characteristics of animal?

They are Multicellular (cells that have ancestors), no Cell Wall/Chloroplasts, and feed on Organic Material.

What are the characteristics of a plant?

They are multicellular, they make Food through photosynthesis, and have a cellulite Cell Wall

What are the characteristics of fungi?

They are multicellular organisms, their cells have one nucleus (Nuclei), their cell wall is made of chitin, and are saprophytes (feed off of decaying organic material).

What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?

They are unicellular bacteria (Single Celled), they have no nucleus or mitochondria, or has circular DNA called plasmids, and they have cell walls.

What are the characteristics of protocksts?

They have unicellular or multicellular organisms, a nucleus & some have a chloroplast. They produce food through photosynthesis and feed on organic material.

What is one example of RNA viruses?

HIV

What is one example of DNA viruses?

Influenza/Flu

What are some characteristics of bacteria?

They’re unicellular, have no Nucleus, their cell is made up of Peptidoglycan, they have mo Mitochondria, and have circular DNA called Plasmid.

What are some characteristics of athropods?

They have an exoskeleton and several legs - 3 or more than 100.

What are the characteristics of insects?

They have 3 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of wings, 3 body parts: head, thorax, abdoemn, they breathe through the trachea, and have one pair of antennae

ex. bees, ants, flys

What are some characteristics of monocots?

• Parallel veins

• One cotyledon

• Petals in multiples of 3

• Vascular Bundles In the stem; arranged randomly

What are the characteristics of dicots?

• Network of veins on a leaf

• Two cotyledons

• Petals in multiples of four of five

• Vascular Bundles In the stem; arranged in a ring