General Chemistry Chapters 1-3 Vocabulary Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering basic chemistry concepts, SI prefixes, temperature conversions, significant figure rules, isotopes, diatomic elements, chemical bonding, polyatomic ions, binary nonmetals, and oxoacids based on Chapter 1 to 3 lecture notes.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, represented by the formula $d = \frac{m}{V}$.

Tera (T)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $1,000,000,000,000$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{12}$.

Giga (G)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $1,000,000,000$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{9}$.

Mega (M)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $1,000,000$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{6}$.

Kilo (k)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $1000$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{3}$.

Deci (d)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $0.1$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{-1}$.

Centi (c)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $0.01$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{-2}$.

Milli (m)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $0.001$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{-3}$.

Micro (\mu)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $0.000001$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{-6}$.

Nano (n)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $0.000000001$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{-9}$.

Pico (p)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $0.000000000001$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{-12}$.

Femto (f)

An SI unit prefix denoting a conventional value of $0.000000000000001$ or exponential value of $1 \times 10^{-15}$.

Celsius to Kelvin Conversion Formula

The temperature conversion relationship defined by $^\circ\text{C} + 273.15 = \text{K}$.

Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion Formula

The temperature conversion relationship defined by $^\circ\text{C} = (^\circ\text{F} - 32) \times \frac{5}{9}$.

Significant Figures Multiplication and Division Rule

Rule stating that the calculated product or quotient has the smallest number of significant figures of the multipliers.

Significant Figures Addition and Subtraction Rule

Rule stating that the calculated answer contains the smallest decimal place of the addends.

Isotopes

Atoms that have the same atomic number ($Z$) but different mass numbers ($A$), meaning they have the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons.

Protium

An isotope of hydrogen consisting of $1$ proton and $0$ neutrons.

Deuterium

An isotope of hydrogen consisting of $1$ proton and $1$ neutron.

Tritium

An isotope of hydrogen consisting of $1$ proton and $2$ neutrons.

Diatomic Elements

HAVE NO FEAR OF ICE COLD BEER —> Seven specific elements that naturally form homonuclear diatomic molecules: $\text{H}_2$, $\text{N}_2$, $\text{O}_2$, $\text{F}_2$, $\text{Cl}_2$, $\text{Br}_2$, and $\text{I}_2$.

Ionic Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that occurs between a metal and a nonmetal.

Covalent Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that occurs between two nonmetals.

Ammonium Ion

A polyatomic cation with the formula $\text{NH}_4^+$.

Hydronium Ion

A polyatomic cation with the formula $\text{H}_3\text{O}^+$.

Acetate Ion

A polyatomic anion with the formula $\text{CH}_3\text{COO}^-$ or $\text{C}_2\text{H}_3\text{O}_2^-$.

Hydroxide Ion

A polyatomic anion with the formula $\text{OH}^-$.

Permanganate Ion

A polyatomic anion with the formula $\text{MnO}_4^-$.

Carbonate Ion

A polyatomic anion with the formula $\text{CO}_3^{2-}$.

Sulfate Ion

A polyatomic anion with the formula $\text{SO}_4^{2-}$.

Phosphate Ion

A polyatomic anion with the formula $\text{PO}_4^{3-}$.

Hydrocarbons

A class of binary nonmetal organic compounds containing only carbon ($\text{C}$) and hydrogen ($\text{H}$).

Hydrazine

A binary nonmetal compound with the formula $\text{N}_2\text{H}_4$.

Disulfur Decafluoride

A binary nonmetal compound with the formula $\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}$.

Oxoacids

Groups of inorganic acids that differ only in their number of oxygen atoms.