BIOL 1406 Quiz 1

Vitalism

theory that life is a product of supernatural force

Mechanism

theory that life is a products of chemical and physical forces

Hypothesis

(within scientific method) an educated guess addressing the problem

Scientific Theory

(within scientific method) is a hypothesis that has been proven correct on multiple occasions

Natural Law

these are natural limits to universe

Descent with Modificaiton

(within theory of evolution descent with modification) fact that the offspring are different from their parents

Natural Selection

Any change in the environment that allows the survival of one trait and elimination of another within a species

speciation

evolutionary process of new species formation

Allopatric speciation

evolutionary process of new species formation in which parent or original species does not continue to coexist alongside new species

Sympatric speciation

evolutionary process of new species formation in which parent or original species does continue to coexist alongside new species

Biological species

any group of organisms capable of producing fertile offspring

Evolutionary species

any group of organisms that are classified together based on their anatomical structures. Simply put, they “look” similar

Macroevolution

evolutionary process of new species formation

Microevolution

change in characteristics or evolutionary changes within a species

Prezygotic Isolation

natural mechanisms that prevent formation of a zygote formed by egg and sperm cells of different species

Postzygotic Isolation

natural mechanisms that prevent survival of a zygote formed by egg and sperm cells of different species

Cell

smallest unit displaying all characteristics of being alive

Cell Theory

theory that all living things are composed of cells

Vacuole

temporary storage organelle within a cell

Chloroplast

organelle found in plant cells that carries on photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

all materials found within a cell (includes liquid cytosol as well as structural organelles)

Eukaryotic cell

cells with extensive compartmentalization and organelle structures (eukaryotic cells include all cells expect bacteria)

Prokaryotic cell

all cells that have minimal compartmentalization and few structural organelles and includes only bacteria

Lysosome

membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes that function primarily for breakdown of molecules or tissues

Miochondria

organelle that converts energy of sugar to energy of ATP

Nucleus

organelle that contains DNA of a cell

Organelle

physical structures within the cell

Ribosome

organelle that produces proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

portion of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached to it and, receives proteins from ribosome

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

portion of endoplasmic reticulum that does not have ribosomes attached to it and distributes proteins to Golgi