Alkanes

name of substance that paraffin is obtained

name of process used to obtain paraffin

CRUDE OIL or PETROLEUM

Fractional distillation

incomplete combustion

C12H26 + 12.5O2 —> 12CO + 13H2O

explain how oxides of nitrogen are formed

nitrogen and O2 from air react/ combine

at high temperatures

equation how nitrogen monoxide in the air is converted into nitrogen dioxide

2NO + O2 —> 2NO2

equation to show how nitrogen dioxide reacts with oxygen and water to form nitric acid

4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O —> 4HNO3

cracking catalyst

zeolite

Why the m.p of dodecane is higher than the m.p of straight chain alkane produced by cracking dodecane

larger molecules ; larger SA ;

STRONGER VDW forces of attraction in between molecules

reagent to identify isomers

BROMINE WATER

alkenes = colourless

alkanes = orange/ brown

why bromoalkane is formed as a minor product

Reaction goes via INTERMEDIATE CARBOCATIONS

TERTIARY CARBOCATION is MORE STABLE

how distinguish between aldehyde (-c=o-h)

and ketone (=o)

ketone =

tollens reagent - no reaction

fehlings solution - no reaction

acidified potassium dichromate - no reaction

aldehyde =

tollens reagent - silver mirror

fehlings solution - blue —> brick red ppt

acidified potassium dichromate = orange —> green