Infectious diseases

what is digital dermatitis

hairy heel wart

high prevalence in confined housing

early lactation cows and heifers at high risk

digital dermatitis commonly occurs where

rear feet

plantar interdigital cleft and corium

what are the risk factors of digital dermatitis

muddy or wet conditions

replacement cows or heifers, can bring into farm

host genetic factors

not washing hoof trimming equipment

how is individual digital dermatitis treated

clean lesions with sopa and water

check other feet

topical antibiotic (oxytetracycline) with bandage

how is herd treated for digital dermatitis

clean with water under pressure

foot bath can be formaldehyde, copper sulfate, or antibiotics

how is digital dermatitis prevented

foot baths

improve environmental hygiene

automatic hoof washing

check for lesions

copper sulfate foot bath is

not fully effective is organic material present

negative environment impact

can contribute to high copper intake`

formaldehyde foot bath is

effective in 20% maure

worker safety risk due to fumes

can cause chemical burn if over 5%

what are advantages of foot baths

good access to lesions in interdigital

convenient

what are disadvantages of foot baths

hard to keep clean and correct concentration

cost

inefficient if low % affected

what is advantage of spray antibiotics on feet

less copper content waste

cost

what are disadvantages of spraying antibiotics on feet

labor

poor interdigital space access

risk of milk contamination

digital dermatitis prognosis is positively correlated with

cleanliness of farm

early treatment

what is interdigital dermatitis

superficial dermatitis of interdigital skin

found with digital dermatitis and heel horn erosion

more common in rear feet

how is interdigital dermatitis prevented

footbath

hygiene

what is interdigital hyperplasia/ corn

proliferative growth that may occupy part or all of interdigital space

result of chronic skin irritation

what are risk factors to corns

dermal inflammation

late treatment of foot rot

slurry/ poor hygiene

rocky pasture

poor conformation

how are corns removed

foot anesthesia

pull claw apart

grab corn with towel clamps

excise corn

bandage with topical oxytetracycline

what is interdigital necrobacillosis (foot rot)

mixed bacterial infection of soft tissues

can lead to ascending infection

what causes foot rot

fusobacterium necrophorum, present in GI flora of cattle and environment

enters thought defect in interdigital skin

what are clinical signs of footrot

swelling leading to claws spreading, joint distension

lameness

foul odor

minimal pus

can lead to septic arthritis

what are risk factors of foot rot

wet conditions, mud and ponds

trauma

how is foot rot treated

early detection key!!

clean and debride interdigital space

parenteral antibiotics

foot baths

how to prevent foot rot

minimize muddy, wet conditions

good free stall pen hygiene

vaccine is available

why is preventing foot diseases difficult

need to reduce conditions needed by microorganism to reproduce

correct underlying factors affect the immune system

what is tenosynovitis

usually from ascending infection of penetrating wound

causes severe lameness

how is tenosynovitis treated

long, claw block, lavage

what is pedal osteitis

inflammation and demineralization of P3

secondary to other hoof problems

severe chronic lameness

irregular margins of P3

how is pedal osteitis treated

bone curettage, sequestrum removal

claw amputation

cull

how to treat non infectious foot issue

corrective trimming

block placement

pain management

bandaging

how to treat infectious foot issue

topical antimicrobials via foot bath, topical spray

parenteral antimicrobials

pain management

septic arthritis is common in

neonates

hock, stifle, and carpus

what is seen in septic arthritis

warm, swollen, painful joint

increased leukocyte and protein count

more than one joint may be affected

how is septic arthritis treated

joint lavage

regional limb perfusion

what is the most potent of all clostridial species

C. sordellii, always fatal

how can blackleg occur

IM injection

penetrating wound

trauma in anaerobic area

what is blackleg

C. chauvoei

lameness, depression, anorexia

shock, coma and death

what is malignant edema

C. septicum

deep wound or traumatized site

same signs as blackleg but edema

death in 24-48 hours

what is black neck

C. sordellii

in feedlot animals

found dead

massive black hemorrhage and muscle necrosis at neck and brisket

blackleg is seen in

cattle 4-24 months old

warm seasons, often at pasture

wounds, trauma

what will you see post-mortem with blackleg

rapid autolysis

rancid butter odor

bloody discharge from orifice

necrotic muscle tissue and edema

signs of systemic toxemia

how is blackleg treated

horses have better prognosis

antibiotics

anti-inflammatory drugs

IV fluids

how to prevent blackleg

proper disposal of carcasses

at least 2 doses, annual booster (good vaccination protocol)

what are early signs of tetanus

prolapse of 3rd eyelid

rigid muscles around head and neck

what are later signs of tetanus

sawhorse stance

pump handle tail

stiff gait

extended head

bloat

what are the latest signs of tetanus

tonic muscle spasms

death

in older bull calves

give at least 2 doses of toxoid vaccine

how is tetanus treated

muscle relaxants

supportive care

penicillin

antitoxin

how can tetanus be prevented

vaccination with toxoid