Lecture Quiz 10

Medial malleolus (tibia), lateral malleolus (fibula), & dome of talus

landmarks that form the ankle joint

Deltoid, anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

ligaments of the ankle joint

Medial

strongest ankle ligaments

Mortise

a hole, groove, or slot into which some other part fits (malleoli & inferior notch of tibia)

Tenon

a projecting piece of an object made for insertion into a mortise (dome of talus shape)

Dorsiflexion

position where the ankle is the most stable (wider portion fits into mortise)

Sturdy

the joint capsule at the ankle is very ___

Anterior & posterior talofibular

ligaments just above the ankle; provide indirect support

Weak, tendon

muscle support at the ankle is ___, as all musculature at the ankle is all ___

Subtalar & transverse tarsal

joints that produce foot inversion/eversion

Talus & calcaneus

bones that form the subtalar joint

Talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular

bones that form the transverse tarsal joint

Lateral, eversion

the ___ malleolus limits foot ___ more than opposite

Segmented lever, plantar concavity, dynamic & pliable foot

3 functions of the foot arches

Medial longitudinal arch

arch that runs from hind foot to forefoot along the medial aspect of the foot; most pronounced

Dome of the talus

highest point of the medial longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

counterpart arch on the opposite side

Cuboid

highest point of the lateral longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

arch that runs from side to side through the cuneiforms and cuboid

Intermediate cuneiform

highest point of the transverse arch

Keystone

central wedge-shaped stone of an arch that locks the others together (highest point in the arch)

Staples

metal loops that are driven into 2 adjacent structures along the bottom of the arch; provides support from below

Short ligaments

anatomical structures that act as staples in the foot

Tie beam

a horizontal beam is a structure that runs the length of the bottom of the arch used to hold together 2 parts of the arch used to hold together 2 parts of the arch that are on opposite sides

Forefoot, hind foot

in the foot arches, ties beams are structures that run from ___ to ___

Suspension

wires that are located above the arch that pull upward on the arch and help to support it

Plantar or dorsal

in the foot arches, suspension includes muscles who start up in the leg but cross the foot and insert on the ___ side

Pes planus

flat footed

Pes clavus

high arch/claw foot

Gastrocnemius, soleus

muscles that create ankle plantar flexion as a PM (2)

Plantaris, tibialis posterior, FDL, FHL, fibularis brevis, fibularis longus

muscles that create ankle plantar flexion as an AM (6)

Tibialis anterior, EDL

muscles that create ankle dorsiflexion as a PM (2)

EHL, fibularis tertius

muscles that create dorsiflexion as an AM (2)

Tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior

muscles that create foot inversion as a PM (2)

FDL, FHL, EHL

muscles that do foot inversion as an AM (3)

Fibularis brevis, fibularis longus

muscles that create foot eversion as a PM (2)

Fibularis tertius

muscles that create foot eversion as an AM (1)

Atlanto-occipital

neck joint that creates flexion and extension

Atlanto-axial

neck joint that creates rotation

Cervical facets

neck joint that creates neck lateral bending

Thoracic & lumbar facets

joint at which all trunk movements occur

Lateral bending

cervical facet joints are best at:

Lateral bending & rotation

thoracic facet joints are best at:

Flexion/extension

lumbar facet joints are best at:

Lordosis

extreme inward curvature of the spine (lumbar)

Kyphosis

extreme outward curvature of the spine (thoracic)

Scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine