Chapter 2:Propeties Of Materials, 2.1:Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table

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Last updated 1:23 PM on 9/19/26
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46 Terms

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the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element
Atom
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the three main subatomic particles
Protons
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the positively charged particle in an atom
Proton
4
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the particle with no charge
Neutron
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the negatively charged particle in an atom
Electron
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where are protons and neutrons found
In the nucleus
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where are electrons found
In electron shells around the nucleus
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where is most of an atom's mass found
In the nucleus
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the charge of a proton
+1
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the charge of a neutron
0
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the charge of an electron
−1
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the number of protons in an atom
Atomic number
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what does the atomic number identify
The element
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how many protons does a neutral atom have compared with electrons
The same number
15
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the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Mass number
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how to calculate mass number
Protons + neutrons
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how to calculate the number of neutrons
Mass number − atomic number
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the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus
Electron configuration
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the maximum number of electrons in the first shell
2
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the maximum number of electrons in the second shell
8
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the maximum number of electrons in the third shell at this level
8
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electrons in the outermost shell
Outer-shell electrons
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a substance made of only one type of atom
Element
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how elements are represented
Chemical symbols
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the rule for the first letter of a chemical symbol
It is always capitalised
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the rule for the second letter of a chemical symbol
It is lowercase
27
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the table containing all known elements
Periodic table
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how elements are arranged in the periodic table
In order of increasing atomic number
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the horizontal rows of the periodic table
Periods
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the vertical columns of the periodic table
Groups
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what do elements in the same group usually have
Similar chemical properties
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what does the period number tell you
The number of occupied electron shells
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what do elements in the same group usually have in common
The same number of outer-shell electrons
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where are most metals found on the periodic table
The left and centre
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where are most non-metals found on the periodic table
The right side
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a typical property of metals
Good conductors of heat and electricity
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another typical property of metals
They are usually strong and can be shaped
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a typical property of non-metals
They are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
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what are solid non-metals often like
Brittle
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the group containing the noble gases
Group 18
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why are noble gases very unreactive
They have a full outer electron shell
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examples of noble gases
Helium
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atomic number equals what
Number of protons
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mass number equals what
Number of protons + number of neutrons
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in a neutral atom
Number of protons = number of electrons
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period number equals what
Number of occupied electron shells