Non Majors Biology Lesson 4 Urinary System

Homeostasis

Everything in correct proportions

1) Regulation

Regulation of ions

2) Regulation

Regulation of water volume in the bloodstream. Excess is excreted from the body as urine

3) Maintaining

Maintaining proper PH by filtering out excess H+ Ions. Too much H+ =acidic conditions. In contrast little H+ results in basic conditions

4) Elimination

Elimination of cellular waste products, which get turned into urine

5) Retaining

Retain nutrients such as glucose and water (non-excess) to maintain homeostasis

6)_ secretion

Secretion of hormones. While maintaining water levels in the body, the kidneys can also tell if there is enough red blood cells to do the job. If not enough RBC, the kidneys will secrete erythropoietin which makes more RBC

Urea

Made by mammals, amphibions, sharks, and other bony fish

Dilute urine

Desolve urine in water

Concentrated urine

Contains a lot of nephrons and are part of the medulla

Aorta

Blood pumped from the heart to the rest of the body via the aorta.

Kidney

Filters waste from the blood like urea, water, salt and proteins.

Renal vein

After blood is filtered in the kidneys, it travels back to the heart via the renal vein

Cortex

Outermost layer of the kidney

Medulla

Innermost layer of the kidney

Pyramids

Triangular shaped sections of the kidneys used to concentrate urine. Also contains lots of nephrons and are part of the medulla

Nephrons

Groups of individuals filters of the blood. Each kidney has more than 1 million

Papilla

Tip of the pyramid where urine collects

Pelvis

is the major open area in the kidneys where urine exits

Afferent arteriole

Blood arrives which takes blood from the renal artery to the glomerulus

Glomerulus

capillaries which filter the blood

Bowman's Capsule

filtrate winds up and surrounds the glomerulus

Efferent arteriole

The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Proximal convoluted tubule

Filtration exists in the glomerulus via Proximal convoluted tobule (pct)

Loop of Henle

where the filtration spends most of its time so that the water is reabsorbed, determining the urine's dillute or concentration

Distal convoluted tubule

(dct) is a tube that leads from the loop of henie leading to the collecting duct

Collecting duct

collects urine and takes it the papilla

Filtrate

liquid that has passed through a filter

Tubular reabsorption

Reabsorption of water and nutrients from the nephron tubule back into the bloodstream

Tubular secretion

continuation of the waste of water and nutrients from the nephron tubule back into the bloodstream

Urine

After the water and nutrients are pulled out of filtration, urine exists

Ureter

a tube that carries the urine to the bladder

Bladder

holding sac that stores the urine

Urethra

Urine travels from the bladder into a tube called the urethra

Bladder infections

In women, the urethra is short but wide which is prone to bladder infections (UTI's)

Kidney stones

Men can get kidney stones stuck due to the long and narrow urethra

Peritubular capillaries

The network of tiny blood vessels that surrounds the proximal and distal tubules in the kidney

Dialysis

Technique to filter blood outside of the body if your kidneys are failing

Antidiuretic hormone

(adh) allows for more water to be reabsorbed, making more urine

Erythropoietin

Hormone that makes more rbc