AP World 8.6

Zionist Movement

Zionist Movement

Movement advocating the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, founded in 1897 under the leadership of Theodor Herzl.

Six Day War

A brief but decisive conflict fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states in June 1967. Israel emerged victorious and gained control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights. The war had a significant impact on the geopolitics of the Middle East and led to ongoing tensions between Israel and its neighbors.

Yom Kippur War

1973 Arab-Israeli conflict fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria. It began on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism, and lasted for three weeks. The war ended with a ceasefire and no clear winner, but it had significant political and military consequences for the region.

Camp David Accords

A peace treaty signed by Egypt and Israel in 1978, facilitated by US President Jimmy Carter. The agreement led to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries and a framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Led by Yasser Afarat, wanted the return of occupied lands and the creation of an independent Palestine.

Fatah

21st Century Palestinian group that controlled the West Bank. Fought against Hamas.

Hamas

21st Century Palestinian group that controlled Gaza. Fought against Hamas.

Khmer Rouge

Vietnamese Communist guerrilla organization. Led by Pol Pot and followed the Chinese model of cultural revolution, targeting intellectuals and dissenters. Killed 2 million people. Vietnamese troops ended their reign of terror.

Kashmir

Region located in South Asia, disputed by India, Pakistan and China. Known for its natural beauty, it has been the center of a territorial conflict for decades. India controlled 45%, Pakistan 35%, and China 20%

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

First Female Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. Elected in 1960, she served three terms. She was a champion of women's rights and social welfare programs.

Indira Gandhi

India’s leader in 1966. High inflation and growing poverty threatened her rule. In 1977 lost elections, returned in 1980 but got assassinated in 1984.

Benazir Bhutto

First Female Prime Minister of Pakistan, elected in 1988. She was assassinated in 2007 while campaigning for a third term.

Julius Nyerere

African statesman and politician who led Tanganyika and later Tanzania as its first president. He advocated for African socialism and played a key role in the decolonization of Africa. He is widely regarded as a father of the nation and a pan-Africanist.

Metropole

A large city of a former colonial ruler